Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PISTOR. PLACGIUM. 91
ference consisted In like manner it' is by no
means clear in what.respects the CAUSIA differed A
firom the petasus, although they are distinctly op- \g
posed to one another by a writer in Athenaeus //
(xii. p. 537, e). Moreover in the later Greek an-
thors we find 7rAos used to denote a hat of other
materials besides felt. (Athen. vi. p. 274-.) /
On the use of felt in covering the feet see UDo.
Felt was likewise used for the lining of helmets.
[GALEAL.] For further illustrations of this subject,
see Yates's Teltrienum AAtiquorzem., P. 1. A. pencli B. J. Y.]
PILI'CREPUS. [PIL-..]
PILUM. [HASTA.] Bread was not generally made at home at
PINACOTHE'CA (rriam,;sKs1), a picture- Athens, but was sold in the market-place chiefly
gallery. Marcellus, after the capture of Syracuse, by women, called &p'o'rcTAstes. (Compare Aristopl.
first displayed the works of Greek painters and Ve sp. 1389, &mc.) These women seem to have
sculptors to his countrymen, whose taste for the fine been what the fish-wolmen of London are at prearts was gradually matured by the conquests of L. sent; they excelled in abuse, whence Aristophanes
Scipio, Flamininus, and L. Paullus, and grew into (Razn. 856) Says, XWoopesOat 5o-rep apioyroAlas.
a passion after the spoils of Achaia had been trans- (Becker, Clzarikles, vol. i. p. 284.)
ported by TMummius to Rome. Objects of this PISTR1I'NUM. [Mo.LA; MORTARIUM.]
description were at first employed exclusively for PLAGA. [RETE.]
thle decoration of temples and places of public resort, PLAGIA'RIUS. [PLAGIUM.]
hut private collections were soon formed; and to- PLA'GIUM. This offence was the subject cf
wards the close of the republic we find that in the a Fabia Lex, which is mentioned by Cicero (Pro
houses of the more opulent a room was devoted to Rabirio, c. 3), and is assigned to the consulship of
the reception of paintings and statues. (Varro, Quintus Fabius and M. Claudius Marcellus, n. c.
]?. R. i. 2. 59; Cic. in TVeer. i. 21.) In the 183; but without sufficient reason. The chief
tile of,Augustus, Vitrnvius includes the pinlaco- provisions of the Lex are collected from the Digest
theca amiong the ordinary apartments-of a complete (48. tit. 15. s. 6): "if a freeman concealed, kept
mansion, and gives directions that it should be of confined, or knowingly with dolus malus purchased
ample size and facing tile north, in order that the asl ingenuus or libertinus against his will, or parliglt might be equable and not too strong. (Yritruv. ticipated in any such acts; or if he persuaded
i. 2, vi. 5. 7; compare Plin. It. A. xxxv. 2. 7. another person's male or female slave to run away
I1 Mazois, Le Palais dle Seamsus, cap. ix. from a master or mistress, or without the consent
Becker, Gallus, vol. i. p. 92.) [AV. R.] or knowledge of the master or mistress concealed,
PISCATO'RII LUDI. [LUDI PISCATORmI.] kept confined, or purchased knowingly with dolus
PISCI'NA, properly a fish-pond, either of salt- mualus such male or female slave, or participated in
water or of fresh (see the passages in Forcellini any such acts, he was liable to the penalties of the
and Freund) denotes also any kind of reservoir, Lex Fabia." The penalty of the Lex was pecuespecially those connected with the aqueducts and niary, and the consequence was Infamia; but this
the baths. (AQUAED UCTJUS, p. 114, a; BAI NEAE, fell into disuse, and persons who offended agailst
pp. 189, b., 19. a.) [P. S.] the lex were punished, eitler by being sent to
PISTILLUM. [MoRTARIUam.] work io the mines or by crucifixion, if they were
PISTOR (&pro7rods), a baker, from pissere to hinmiliores, or with confiscation of half of their
pound, since corn was pounded in mortars be- property or perpetual relegation, if they were
fore the invention of mills. [MoLA.] At Rome honestiores. The crime of kidnapping men becamee
bread was originally made at home by the women a common practice and required vigilant pursuit
of the house; and there were no persons at Rome (Suetonius, Octarvian. c. 32). A Senatusconsultum
who made baking a trade, or any slaves specially ad Legemi Fabiam did not allow a master to give
kept for this purpose in private houses, till B. c. or sell a runaway slave, which was technically
173. (Plin. II.ITN. xviii. 11. s. 28.) In Varro's called "fugam vendere;" but the provision did
time, however, good bakers were highly prized, not apply to a slave who was merely absent, nor
and great sums were paid for slaves who excelled to the case of a runaway slave when the master
in this art. (Gell. xv. 19.) The name was not had commissioned any one to go after him and
confined to those who made bread only, but was sell him: it was the object of the provision to enalso given to pastry-cooks and confectioners, in courage the recovery of runaway slaves. The name
which case however they were usually called of the Senatusconsultum, by which the Lex Fabia
pistores dzlciarii or candidarii. (Mtart. xiv. 222; was amended,-does not appear. The word Plagiuln
Orelli,'Ilser. n. 4263.) The bakers at Rome, like is said to come from the Greek 7r'Xdyos, oblique,
most other tradespeople, formed a collegirlm. (Dig. indirect, dolosus. But this is doubtful. Schrader
3. tit. 4. s. 1; 27. tit. 1. s. 46.) (Inst. 4. tit. 18. ~ 10) thinks that the derivation
Bread was often baked in moulds called artoptae, from plaga (a net) is more probable. lie who
and the loaves thus baked were terIsed a'topticii. committed plagium was plagiarius, a word which
(Plin. I. 1N. xviii. 11. s. 27, 28; Plhut. A2dul. ii. Martial (Ep. i. 53) applies to a person who falsely
9. 4.) In one of the bakehouses discovered at gave himself out as the author of a book and in
Pompeii, several loaves have been found apparently this sense thle word has come into common use in
baked in moulds, which may therefore he regarded our language. (Dig. 48. tit. 15; Cod. 9. tit. 20;
as artosliczi; they are represented below. Trhe Paulus, S. R. i. tit. 6 A.; Rein, Duos Crismiznirlecht
are flat and about eighlt inches in diameter. der I/olrier, p. 386.) [0. L.]