Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PMIAIROS. PHASIS. 895
Iaip, in the usual place of the sword [GLADIUS], Sueton. Clanld. 20; Brunck, Anal. ii. 186.) The
and consequently, as Pindar says, "under the Pharos of Brundusium, for example, was, like that
elbow " (01. ii. 150. s. 91) or "under the arm " of Alexandria, an island with a light-house upon
( ircvXw ioY, Theocrit. xvii. 30). It was worn thus it. (Mela, ii. 7. ~ 13; Steph. Byz. 1. c.) Suetonius
by the Scvthians (Schol. in Pined.. c.) and by the (Tiber. 74) mentions another phbaros at Capreae.
Egyptians (Wilkinson, Alan. and Cust. vol. i. pp. The annexed woodcut shows two phari remain311, 391), and is so represented in the preceding ing in Britain. The first is within the precincts
figure of the Amazon Dinomache, copied from a of Dover Castle. It is about 40 feet high, octagoGreek vase. (Hope, Costumne of the Ancients, i. 22.) nal externally, tapering from below upwards, and
The left-hand figure in the same woodcut is from built with narrow courses of brick and much wider
one of the Aegina marbles. It is the statue of an courses of stone in alternate portions. The space
Asiatic archer, whose quiver (fractured in the within the tower is square, the sides of the octagon
original) is suspended equally low, but with the without and of the square within being equal, viz.,
opening towards his right elbow, so that it would each 15 Roman feet. The door is seen at the
be necessary for him in taking the arrows to pass bottom. (Stukely, Itin. Curios. p. 129.) A similar
his hand behind his body instead of before it. To pharos formerly existed at Boulogne, and is supthis fashion was opposed the Cretan method of posed to have been built by Caligula. (Sueton. Cclid.
carrying the quiver, which is exemplified in the 46; Montfaucon, S&pplem. vol. iv. L. vi. 3, 4.) The
woodcut, p. 276, and is uniformly seen in the round tower here introduced is on the summit of a
ancient statues of Diana. [J. Y.] hill on the coast of Flintshire. (Pennant, 1>'ar. of
PHARMACON GRAPHE (pcap/dtawK' or pap- hliteford and Holywell, p. 112.) [J. Y.],uaKieas -ypa(p1), an indictment against one who
caused the death of another by poison, whether
given with intent to kill or to obtain undue influ..
ence. (Pollux, viii. 40, 117; Demosth. c. Aristocr.
6(27; Argumi. in Ors. Antiplh. KaTr''y. (pap.) It
was tried by the court of Areiopagus. That the
malicious intent was a necessary ingredient in the
crime, may be gathered from the expressions lK
7rpoolias, et er'TLgovXAIs Kal 7rpoovXh.s, in Antiphonl
(1. c. iii. 11 2, ed. Steph.). The punishment was
death, but might (no doubt) be mitigated by the
court under palliating circumstances. We havel
examples of such —ypapal in the speech of Antiphon _,already cited, and that entitled 7repL ToV XopevoU.
(Meier, Att. Proc. p. 311.) Among the Greeks,
women appear to have been most addicted to this PHAROS (p)apos). [PALLIUIn.]
Crime, as we learn fromt various passages in ancient PHASE'LUS ((pacma,;os), uwas a vessel rather
authors. Such women are called epap/atcid'es and long and narrow, apparently so called from its re(papFaKcevTrpiat. Poisonous drugs were frequently semblance to the shape of a phaselus or kidnevadministered as love potions, or for other purposes bean. It was chiefly used by the Egyptians,
of a similar nature. Men whose minds were af- and was of various sizes, from a mere boat to a
fected by them were said eap/uaicmv'. Wills made vessel adapted for long voyages. (Virg. Geo'g. iv.
by a man under the influence of drugs (yrb cpap.aci- 289; Catull. 4; Martial, x. 30. 13; Cic. ad Alt.
rewv) were void at Athens. (Demosth. c. Step/l. i. 13.) Octavia sent ten triremes of this kind,
1 133.) [C. R. K.] which she had obtained from Antony, to assist her
PHAROS or PHARUS (cpdpos), a light-house. brother Octavianus; and Appian (Bell. Civ. v. 95)
The most celebrated light-house of antiquity was describes them as a kind of medium between the
that situated at the entrance to the port of Alex- ships of war and the common transport or merchant
andria. It was built by Sostratus of Cnidos on an vessels. The phaselus was built for speed (Catull.
island, which bore the same name, by command of 1. c. p/lsselus ille —navium celerrimus), to which more
one of the Ptolemies, and at an expense of 800 attention seems to have been paid than to its
talents. (Plin. 1I. N. xxxvi. 12; Steph. Byz. s. v. strength; whence the epithet fi'agilis is given to,ldpos; Achill. Tat. v. 6.) It was square, con- it by Horace. (Casrm. iii. 2. 27, 28.) These vesstructed of white stone, and with admirable art; sels were sometimes made of clay (fictilibussp7haselis,
exceedingly lofty, and in all respects of great Juv. xv. 127), to which the epithet of Horace may
dimensions. (Caesar, Bell. Civ. iii. 112.) It con- perhaps also refer.
tained many stories (7roAvdpospov, Strabo, xvii. 1. PHASIS ((pdomrs), was one of the various nle~ 6), which diminished in width from below up- thods by which public offenders at Athens might
wards. (Herodian, iv. 3.) The upper stories had be prosecuted; but the word is often used to dewindows looking seawards, and torches or fires note any kind of information; as Pollux (viii. 47)
were kept burning in them by night in order to says, KcOIVtzs cpdao'es riao Tro 7raota, ai yev,'ises
guide vessels into the harbour. (Val. Flacc. vii. -,JV Xeaavo',rTcv, &b8cKmdroy. (See Aristoph. Eq.
84; see Bartoli, Lue. AA2t. iii. 12.) 300, and Aclsarin. 823, 826, where the word (pa'Pliny (1..) mentions the light-houses of Ostia rad'dc is used ill the same sense as (pah, o.) The
and Ravenna, and says that there were similar word ouvtocspdTrlS is derived from the practice of
towers at many other places. They are repre- laying information against those who exported figs.
sented on the medals of Aparnea and other mari- [SYCOPHANTES.]
time cities. The name of Pharos was given to Though it is certain that the cpdelis was distinthem in allusion to that at Alexandria, which was guished from other methods of prosecution (Dethe model for their construstion. (Herodian, 1. c.; mosth. c. Asistoy. 793; Isocr.. C.;allia. 375, ed.