Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

872 PATERA. PATINA.
British Museum, and in other collections of ancient in the British Museum, which was found in the
fictile vases. The more valuable paterae were ruins of Hadrian's Villa, and purchased by Mr.
metallic, being chiefly of bronze: but every family, Townley. It is 14 inches in diameter, and I
raised above poverty, possessed one of silver high. It is cut with skill and delicacy, the mnarble
(apyyvpis), together with a silver salt-cellar, [SALI- not being much more than a quarter of an inch
NUM.] (Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 12. s. 54.),In opulent thick. In the centre is sculptured a female bachouses there was a plate of gold (Xpvaus, Athen. chante in a long tunic and with a scarf [CHLAMYS]
xi. pp. 497, 502; Pind. 01. vii. 1 -3.; YVirg. Georg. floating over her head. This centre-piece is enii. 192). These metallic plates were often adorned circled by a wreath of ivy. The decorations indivith figures, engraved or embossed upon them. cate the appropriation of the plate to the worship
(Cic. Yerr. iv. 21; Xen. Anab. iv. 7. ~ 27, vii. 3. of Bacchus.
~ 27.) A beautiful specimen is presented in the Plates were sometimes made so as to be used
woodeut to the article LIBRA; and the accompany- with either side downward, and were then distining woodcut exhibits a highly ornamented dish, guished by the epithet &pPiOe-Tos. (Hom. 1l. xxiii.
also of bronze, designed to be used in the worship 270, 616.) In these the under surface was ornaof Mars, and found at Pompeii. (Donaldson's mented as well as the upper. The Massilians and
Pomlp. vol. ii. pl. 78.) The view of the upper sur- other ionic Greeks commonly placed the under
face is accompanied by a side-view, showing the surface uppermost. Plates were further distinguished from one another by being either with or.... ~ ~/i~without a base (rvOtuvY), a boss in the middle
X\ \ ) ) ( (2 (S'qeaeACwr, eoEe,uqeaAos, (Oois), feet (,aAaewer'C),
itnd handles. (Athen. xi. pp. 501, 502.) In the
jJ f\ S, h r preceding woodcuts the bronze patera has one:K~ ll handle: both the paterae are made to stand upon
a low base.
Small plates were sometimes used in cooking
8't > \ S (Plih. H. N. xxx..8. s. 21), an operation more commonly performed in -pots [OLL.A] and basins or
bowls. [PATINA.] They were used at meals to
eat upon pas we use them (Varro, Eucnzen; ao. NoAn.
Marc. xv. 6; Hor. Epist. i. 5. 2), although it appears that very religions persons abstained from
this practice on account of the customary employment of them in sacrificing to the gods. (Cic. de
Fin. ii. 7.) A larger plate, in fact, a round dish,
was used to bring to table such an article of food
as a flat fish. (Mart. xiii. 81.) Mustard (Plin.
Ii. N. xix. 8. s. 54) and ointments (Xenophanes,
form and depth of the vessel. The ornamental p. 68, ed. Karsteo) were brought in saucers. The
paterae sometimes represented leaves of fern, which p 68, ed. also drank were:broght ines or saucers
Greeks.also drank wine out of plates or saucers
probably diverged from the centre (filicatace, Cic. (Xen..Conzv. ii. 23), as we see in the woodcut
Parad. i. ~ 2). Gems were set in others. (Cic. under SvYPoSIUM, which represents a symposimn,
Kerr. iv. 24; Virg. Aen. i. 728, 739.) We read' and in which the second and third figures from
also of an amber dish (electrinagn), having in the the tright hand have each a saucer.
centre the countenance of Alexander the'Great, Th
and his history represented on the border. (Treb. to the employnent of them in sacrifices. Or
]'oil. TrIq. Tip'. 13.) The annexed woodcut conthese occasions they held either solid food (ltecphv
tains a view and section of a plate of white marble piar, Valro, Mas. op. Non. M a. 1. c.; Cbos
Ovid, Fast. vi. 310), or any liquid intended to be
poured out as a libation. (Virg. Aen. iii. 67, iv.
60, v. 98, vi. 249, vii. 133, xii. 174; Ovid.
Met. ix. 160, Fast. ii. 634, iv. 934; Val. Flacc.
v. 192; Juv. iii. 26; Heliodor. Aethiop. ii. p. 98;
Athen. xi. p. 482.) We find them continually
represented in conjunction with the other instluments of sacrifice upon coins, gems, altars, basreliefs, and the friezes of temples. In the ancient
Doric temple at Rome, now dedicated to St.
Adrian, the tasteful patera and the craeium of the
bull are alternately sculptured on thie mretopes.
x (Labacco, Ant. di Rosza, 16, 17.)
Plates of the most precious materials and of the
finest workmanship were sometimes given as prizes
at the public games. (Horn. II. xxiii. 270
Pind. Isthl. i. 20; Schol. in Pied. Nem. ix. 121,
123.) [J. Y.]
PATI'BULUM. [FURCA.]
PA'TINA (XEKdv'3, dim. AeKdvuov, al. Xescdptov,
Xt)caso'enc, Athen. vi. p. 268, Aceavls, second dim.
XAceaelov, Bekker, A nee. 794), a basin or bowl of
earthenware, rarely of bronze (Pallad. de Re Iusi.