Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PARIES. PARIES: 869
stances are well exemplified in the annexed wood- for workmanship (AOovrs'rt-Lovs), and the gold
cut, which is copied from the drawing of a;wall at and silver, which were exhibited in the walls of
Pompeii, executed on the spot by Mr. Mocatta. such a temple as that just mentioned, with the
logs of wood, the thatch, the straw and cane, em~ — ~ i"~~' ~~~~l -=~ ployed in building walls of the four first kinds.
~[:ff__J =- X!'~'~,.'~'~~....;.."~*~.'.~ ~'~ ~ (1 Cor. iii. 10-15.) Vitruvius also strongly ob-'[~; —11 1. t i'.'-: 8'. -ql-.~ k......' I~- I jects to the paries cratitits on account of its great
= _ - -z combustibility (ii. 8. adfin.). Respecting walls of
I- this kind see further under MURUs.
___ rl, \Cicero, in a single passage of his Topica (~ 4),.uses four epithets which were applied to walls. He' —,_! _ - opposes the pauies soliduzs to the fbrnicatses, and
the commuGnis to the directus. The passage at the: — - ---- same time shows that the Romans inserted arches
cFoRNIX] into their " common" or party walls.
L —___' -The annexed woodcut, representing a portion of..-___ _:_: I
{ A
VII. The structure antique or incerta, i. e. the -
wall of irregular masonry, built of stones, which
were not squared or cut into any exact form. The
necessary consequence of this method of constrnction was, that a great part of the wall consisted of
mortar and rubble-work. (Vitruv. 1. c.) - -.::'
VIII. The emnplecton, i. e. the complicated wall,
consisting in fact of three walls joined together. the supposed Thermae at Tr&ves (Wyttenbach's
Each side presented regular masonry or brickwork; Guide, p. 60), exemplifies the frequent occurrence
but the interior was filled with rubble (jicrtura). of arches in all Roman buildings, not only when
To bind together the two outside walls, and thus they were intended for windows or doorways, but
render the whole firm and durable, large stones or also when they could serve no other use than to
courses of brickwork (coagmenta) were placed at strengthen the wall. In this "paries fornicatus "
intervals, extending through the whole thickness each arch is,combination of two or more concenof the wall, as was done also in the Structura Re- tric arches, all.built of brick. This specimen also
ticulata. Walls of this description are not uncom- shows the alt ernation of courses of brick and stone,
mon, especially in buildings of considerable size. which is a common characteristic of Roman maIX. The paries e lapide quads-ato, i. e. the ashlar sonry. The "paries solidus," i. e. the wall without
wvall, consisting entirely of stones cat and squared openings for windows or doorways, was also called
by the chisel. [DOLABRA.] This was the most "a blind wall" (Virg. Aen. v. 589); and the
perfect kind of wall, especially when built of mar- paies cormmeunis (Ovid. Met. iv. 66; colbs ro7Xos,
ble. The construction of such walls was carried to Thucyd. ii. 3), which was the boundary between
the highest perfection by the architects of Greece; two tenements and common to them both, was
the temples of Athens, Corinth, and many cities of called iltergerinus, al. inte2rgeriveus (Festus, s. v.;
Asia Minor still attesting in their ruins the ex- Plin. II. N. xxxv. 14. s. 49), and in Greek 1Jeodtreme skill bestowed upon the erection of walls. rotXos (Athen. vii. p. 281,d), oreclr5osxos,. (Ephl.
Considerable excellence in this art must have been ii. 14.) The walls, built at right angles to the
attained by the Greeks even as early as the age of party-wall for the convenience of the respective
Homer, who derives one of his similes from the families, were the parietes directi.
" nicely fitted stones " of the wall of a house. (II. Walls were adorned, especially in the interior of
xvi. 212.) But probably in this the Greeks only buildings, in a great variety of ways. Their plane
copied the Asiatics; for Xenophon came to a de- surface was broken by panels. [ABACUS.] Howserted city in Mesopotamia, the brick walls of ever coarse and rough their construction might be,
which were capped by a parapet of' polished shell every unevenness was removed by a coating, two
marble." (Anab. iii. 4. ~ 10.) Besides conferring or three inches thick, of mortar or of plaster with
the highest degree of beauty and solidity, another rough-cast' consisting of sand together with stone,
important recommendation of ashlar walls was, brick, and marble, broken and ground to various
that they were the most secure against fire, an degrees of fineness. (Vitruv. vii. 3; Acts, xxiii.
advantage, to which St. Paul alludes, when he 3.) Gypsum also, in the state which we call
contrasts the astones, valuable both for material and plaster of Paris, was much used in the mrot
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