Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

868 PARIES. PARIES.
superior archons was at liberty to have two asses- lath-ald-plaster wall, nlade of canes or hurdles
sors (7rdpebpos) chosen by himself, to assist him [CRATES], covered with clay. (Plin. 11. NV. xxxv.
by advice and otherwise in the performance of his 14. s. 48; Festus, s. v. Solea.) These were used
various duties. The assessor, like the magistrate in the original city of Rome to form entire houses
himself, had to undergo a 3ocicLaoria in the Senate (Ovid. Fast. iii. 183, vi. 261; Vitruv. ii. 1); afterof Five Hundred and before a judicial tribunal, wards they were coated with mortar instead of clay,
before he could be permitted to enter upon his and introduced like our lath-and-plaster walls in
labours. He was also to render anl account (feOUv7) the interior of houses.
at the end of the year. The office is called an II. Vitruvius (1. c.) mentions as the next step,
aPX~1 by Demosthenes (c. Neaer. 1369). The the practice, common in his time among the Gauls,
duties of the archon, magisterial and judicial, were and continued to our own in Devonshire, of drying.so numerous, that one of the principal objects of square lumps of clay and building them into walls,
having assessors must have been to enable them which were strengthened by means of horizontal
to get through their business. We find the ird- bond-timbers (j3sga7nenta) laid at intervals, and
pespos assisting the archon at the AhiLs 8iKros. which were then covered with thatch.
(Demosth. c. Tlieoc. 1332.) He had authority to III. The paries fosrmaceus, i. e. the pise wall,
keep order at public festivals and theatres, and to made of rammned earth. [FoRsIA.]
impose a fine on the disorderly. (Demosth. c. M1id. IV. In districts abounding with wood, log-houses
572.) As the archons were chosen by lot (KcXV- were common, constructed, like those of the Sibepcoaro), and might be persons of inferior capacity, liansi and of the modern Americans ill the back
and not very well fitted for their station, it niight settlements, of the trunks of trees, which, having
often be useful, or even necessary for them, to pro- been more or less squared, were then laid uponl
cure the assistance of clever men of business. one another ini an horizontal position, and had their
(Demosth. c. Nleaer. 1372.) And perhaps it was interstices filled with chips (sclidiis), moss, and
intended that the 7rdpsepoL should not only as- clay. After this namalner the Colchians erected
sist, but in some measure check and control the houses several stories high. (Vitruv. 1. c.; cormpower of their principals. They are spoken of. pare Herod. iv. 108; Vitruv. ii. 9.)
as being fosi0oo, or'csovXo Kmcal ovpXaKes. Demo- V. The paries lateritius, i. e. the brick wall.
sthenes accuses Stephanus of buying his place of [LATER.] Among the Romans the ordinary thickthe'ApXwav f3aaLAeus (c. Neaer. 1369). It was ness of an outside wall was 18 inches (sesquipes),
usual to choose relations and friends to be asses- being the length of the common or Lydian brick;
sors; but they might at any time be dismissed, at but, if the building was more than one story high,
least for good cause. (Demosth. e. Neaer. 1373.) the walls at the bottom were either two or three
The Thesmothetae, though they had no regular bricks thick (diplinthii aut triplinltAii) according to
7rapespot, used to have counsellors (od'P.ovAXo), circumstances. The Egyptians sometimes exhibited
who answered the saine purpose. (Demoesth.c. T/eoc. a chequered pattern, and perhaps other devices,
1330; Schbmann,Ant. J2n. Pub. Cr. p. 245; Meier, upon the walls of their houses by the alternation
Att. Proc. pp. 57-59.) The officetof 7rdpe8sos was of white and black bricks. (Ath. v. p. 208, c.)
called 7rapEplfa, and to exercise it arprape wpeue. The Romans, probably in imitation of the EtruFrom the 7rapeSpoi of the archons, we must dis- rians, often cased the highest part of a brick wall
tinguish those who assisted the EvOvvmot in examin- with a range of terra-cottas (structura and loricc
ing and auditing magistrates' accounts. The e60Jvvoi testacea, Vitruv, ii. 8; Pallad. de Re Rust. i. 11),
were a board of ten, and each of them chose two eighteen inches high, with projecting cornices, and
assessors. (Schamann, Ant. Jur. Pub. Gr. p. 240; spouts for discharging the water from the roof.
AMeier, Att. Proc. p. 102.) [EUTHYNE.] [C.R.K.] [ANTFFIX A.]
PAREISGRAPHE (mrapesmypadp) ), signifies a VI. The reticulata structura (Plin. HI. N. xxxvi.
-fraudulent enrolment in the register of citizens. 22. s. 51), i. e. the reticulated, or resembling netFor this an indictment lay at Athens called jeV[as work. This structure consists in placing square or
ypamp1i: and, besides, the a77/stmat might by their lozenge-shaped stones side by side upon their
ia*ai(po'mls eject any person who was illegally en- edges, the stones being of small dimensions and
rolled among them. From their decision:there.cemented by mortar (nmateria ex calce et arena). In
might be an appeal to a court of dicasts; ~of which many cases the mortar has proved more durable
the speech of Demosthenes against Eubulides than the stone, especially where volcanic tufa is
furnishes an example. If the dicasts oconfirmed the material employed, as at Baiae in the Bay of
the decision of the a7lUOrTae, the appellant party Naples, and in the villa of Hadrian near Tivoli.
was sold for a slave. Spurious citizens are some- This kind of building is very common in the antimes called 7rapEy-ypamrrom, 7rapeyyeypa/ufEVom. cient edifices of Italy. Vitruvius says (ii. 8), that
(Aesch. de Fals. Leg. 38, 51, ed. Steph.) The ex- it was universally adopted in his time. Walls
pression 7rapemoypapirs ypaqil is not Attic. (Schi- thus constructed were considered more pleasing to
mann, Ant. Jur. Pub. Gr. p. 206; Meier, Att. Proc. the eye, but less secure than those in which the
pp. 347 —349.) [C. R. K.] stones lay upon their flat surfaces. The front of
PARENTA'LIA. [FuNus, p. 562, b.] the wall was the only part in which the structure
PA'RIES (roxos), the wall of a house, in con- was regular, or the stones cut into a certain form,
tradistinction to Muaus (TeXos), the wall of a the interior being rubble-work or concrete (farcity, and maceries (re-Xwio), a small enclosure, such tura), i. e. fragments and chippings of stone (caeas a court-yard; sometimes re[XtoV is used for the menta, XIala) imbedded in mortar. Only part of
wall of a house. (See Liddell and Scott.) Among the wall was reticulated: to give it firmness and
the numerous methods employed by the ancients in durability the sides and base were built of brick or
constructing walls we find mention of the follow- of squared stones, and horizontal courses of bricks
Ing: were laid at intervals, extending through the
I. The paries cratitius, i. o. the wattled or the length and thickness of the wall. These circum.