Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PARANOTAS GRAPHE. PARANOMON GRAPHE. 865
of defence. (See the opening of the speech of Iso- plaint was well grounded, the court decreed that
crates against Callimachus.) Before this time all the next heir should take possession of the lunatic's
special objections to the adversary's course of pro- property, and probably also made some provision for
ceeding seem to have been called a&srypaoapl, and his being put in confinement, or under proper care
sometimes twaoogat, because an oath was taken and guardianship. (Suidas, s. v. laparvoia: Xen.
by the party who tendered them. (Lysias, c. Mete. i. 2. ~ 49; Aristoph. Nub. 844; Aesch. c.
Pancl. 166, ed. Steph.; Aristoph. Eccles. 1026; Ctes. 89, ed. Steph.) it is related of Sophocles,
Schol. ad loc.; Suidas, s. v.'EcSwoo ogwa; Meier, that having continued to write tragedies to an adAtt. Proc. pp.- 644-650.) [C. R. K.] vanced age, and by reason thereof neglected his
PA'RALUS (7rdpaxos), and SALAMII'NIA family affairs, he was brought before the court by
(aaAaiavzla). The Athenians from very early his sons, and accused of lunacy; that he then read
times kept for public purposes two sacred or state to the judges his Oedipus Coloneuls, which he had
vessels, the one of which was called Parealus and just composed, and asked them if a mall out of his
the other Salaminia: the crew of the one bore the mind could write such a poem as that; whereupon
name of 7rapA27rat or 7rdpaXol, and that of the they acquitted him. (Cic. de Senect. 7.) The story
other coa~ajivioz. (Phot. s. v. Ildpaaos and is told differently by the anonymous author of the
-ra'paXol.) In the former of these two articles life of Sophocles; who speaks. of the suit as taking
Photius erroneously regards the two names as be- place between Iophon and his father, and seems to
longing to one and the same ship. (Pollux, vii. 116; intimate that it was preferred before the (ppadopes.
HIesych. s. a. HapairMss.) The Salaminia was In this last point he is supported by the Scholiast
also called A-X;ia or eooptIs, because it was used to on Aristophanes, but it can hardly be correct; as
convey the &Ewcpol to Delos, on which occasion the we have no other authority for supposing that the
ship was adorned with garlands by the priest of Aopdaropes had such a jurisdiction, and Pollux (viii.
Apollo. (Plat. Ph/aed. p. 58,-c.) Both these yes- 89) expressly says that the 7rapavoias?ypaop came
sels were quick-sailing triremes, and were used for before the archon; to whom indeed it peculiarly
a %variety of state purposes:. they conveyed theories, belonged, as being a matter connected with family
despatches, &c. from Athens, carried treasures rights; and, if so, we are to understand that it
from subject countries to Athens, fetched state cri- came before the archon in the regular way, as
minals from foreign parts to Athens, and the like. 7,yqe/sw' 8KcarTqVpov. (Mheier, Att. Proc. pp. 296(Thucyd. vi. 53, 61.) In battles they were fre- 298.) It is highly probable that there was some
quently used as the ships in which the admirals foundation for this anecdote of Sophocles. He
sailed. These vessels and their crew were always might perhaps have given offence to his sons by
kept in readiness to act, in case of any necessity that penuriousness which is said to have crept upoll
arisinlg; and the crew, although they could not for him in his-old age; and Iophon being a poet, and
the greater part of the year be in actual service, lying under the suspicion of being assisted by his
received their regular pay of four oboli per day all father, might possibly be induced by a mean jeathe year round. This is expressly stated only of lousy to bring this charge against him. (See Aristhe Paralus (Harpocrat. and Phot. s. v. aldpaXos), toph. Ran. 78, Pax, 697.) The play of Oed. Col. apbut may be safely said of the Salaminia also. The pears to exhibit the wounded feelings of the writer.
statement of the scholiast on Aristophanes (Av. (See more especially 337, 441.) [C. R. K.]
147; comp. Suidas, s. v. eaheaulvia Yaos), that the PARANOMON GRAPHE (7rapapovcov -ypa'
Salaminia was only used to convey criminals to Ad'). An indictment for propounding an illegal, or
Athens, and the Paralus for theories, is incorrect, rather unconstitutional measure or law. We have
at least if applied to the earlier times. When seen [NOMOTHETES] that any Athenian citizen
Athens had become a great maritime power, was at liberty to make a motion in the popular
and when other ships were employed for purposes assembly, to pass a new law, or amend an old one.
for which before either the Salaminia or the Paralus In order to check rash and hasty legislation, the
had been used, it is natural to suppose that these mnover of any law or decree, though he succeeded
two vessels were chiefly employed in matters con- in causing it to be passed, was still amenable to
nected with religion, as-theories, and in extraordi- criminal justice, if his enactment was found to be
nary cases, such- as when a state criminal like inconsistent with other laws. thaa remained in force,.
Alcibiades was to be solemnly conveyed to Athens. or with the public interest. (Dergosth. c. Tintoc.
The names of the two ships seem to point to a 710, 711.) Any person might: institute against
very early period of the history of Attica, when him the ypacp orapav4Awv within a year from the
there was no navigation except between Attica passing- of the law. If he was convicted, not only
and Salamis, for which the Salaminia was used, did the law become void, but any punishment
and around the coast of Attica, for which purpose might be inflicted on him, at the discretion of the
the Paralus was destined. In later times the judges before whom he was tried; for it was a
names were retained, although the destination of qstl'bs layeIp. A person thrice so convicted lost
the ships was principally to serve the purposes of the right of proposing laws, in future. The cognireligion, whence- they are frequently called the zance of the cause belonged to the Thesmothetae.
sacred ships. (Bdckh, Publ. Econ. of Atlzens,. p. (Sclximann, Aozt. Jur. P2b. b. G. p.244.) The pro240, 2d ed.; GBller, ad Tiiucyd. iii. 33; Schb- secutor was compelled to take. an oath, called by
nlanu, ad Isaeuma, p. 296.) [L. S.] the same name as that taken to obtain delay in
PARANOIAS GRAPHE (7rapavotas ypacp1). courts of justice (vrwuoeoaia), because it had the
This proceeding may be compared to our commis- effect of delaying the operation of -the proposed
sion of lunacy, or writ de luratico inquirendo. It measure, which otherwise might have come into
was a suit at Athens that might be instituted by a force immediately. (Schhmann, Id. p. 224.) Exson or other relation against one who, by reason of amples of such prosecutions are the speech of Demadness or mental imbecility, had become inca- mosthenes against Timocrates, and that of Aes-pable of managing his own affairs. If the com- chines against Ctesiphon. They both comment on
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