Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PARACATABOLE. PARADISUS. 863
atlon was based uponI a text written for the pur- PARACATATIIE'CE (7rapaecaraO8icj), fie..
pose. This text was called the Caciticuzel (Macrob. nerally signifies a deposit of something valuable
S&t. ii. 7; Plin. Eopist. vii. 24), and was mostly with a friend or other person, for the benefit of the
written in the Greek language. Some of them owner. Thus, if I deliver my goods to a friend,
may have represented scenes from, or the whole to be taken care of for me; or if I deposit money
subjects of Greek dramas; but when Arnobius with a banker; such delivery or bailmnet, or the
(adcl. Gent. 4, compare Antholog. i. p. 249) states, goods bailed or delivered, or the money deposited,
that whole tragedies of Sophocles and Euripides may be called 7rapa/CarT0aS~Oi (Herod. vi. 86;
were used as texts for pantomimic representations, Demosth. pro P/cortn. 946); and the word is often
he perhaps only means to say that a pantomimus applied metaphorically to any important trust cornsometimes represented the same story contained in mitted by one person to another. (Demosth.
such a tragedy, without being obliged to act or c. Aphob. 840; Aesch. c. Timanrch. 26, ed. Steph.,
dance every sentiment expressed in it. The texts de Fals. Leg. 47.) As every bailee is bound to
of the pantomimes or cantica were sung by a chorus restore to the bailor the thingl deposited; either on
standing in the background of the stage, and the den:and (in case of a simple bailment), or on persentiments and feelings expressed by this chorus formance of the conditions on which it was rewere represented by the pantomimus in his dance ceived; the Athenians gave a 7rapa caTra0sl1cs 0lcc7
and gesticulation. The time was indicated by the against a bailee who unjustly withheld his property
scabellmn, a peculiar kind of sole made of wood or from the owner, Q&res'Tepq/oe r7/i?.raparcarTaeOKfr.
nmetal, which either the dancer or one of the chorus (Pollux, vi. 154.) An example of such an action
wore. The whole performance was accompanied against a banker is the'rpa7rreLiSh X&dyos of
by musical instruments, but in most cases by the Isocrates. A pledge given to a creditor could not
flute. In Sicily pantomimic dances were called be recovered, except on payment of the money
[3aAAmtooil, whence perhaps the modern words ball owed to him; but, after selling the article, and
and ballet. (Compare Lessing, Abhandlung eon den satisfying his debt out of the proceeds, he vwould
Pantonimzen der Alten; Grysar, in Ersclt and of course be hound to restore the surplus (if any)
Gruber's Encyclop. s. v. Pantomrinzischle IRunst des to the pledgor. It follows from the nature of the.Altertsumss; Welcker, Die grieclischen Traygdien, 7rapaeK. hKtcn that it was &Ti7'oiros, but it is not impp. 1317, 1409, 1443, 1477.) [L. S.]- probable that the additional penalty of &,uiL/a
PAPY'RUS. [LIBER.] might be inflicted on a defendant who fraudulently
PAR IMPAR LUDERE (aprtao-uts, &prid- denied that he had ever received the deposit.
SEIV, prTa I0 7replTa' 7ralC(eiv), the game at odd The difficulty of procuring safe custody for
and even, was a favourite game among the Greeks money, and the general insecurity of movable proand Romans. A person held in his hand a certain perty in Greece, induced many rich persons to
number of astragali or other things, and his op- make valuable deposits in the principal tenmples,
ponent had to guess whether the number was odd such as that of Apollo at Delphi, Jupiter at Olymor even. (Pollux, ix. 101; Plato, Lys. p. 207; Her. pia, and others. (Meier, Att. Proc. pp. 512-515.)
Scat. ii. 3. 248; Suet. Acng. 71; ANux Eleg. 79; It may be observed that'-riOeoOat, rapaKcaTaBecker, Gallis, vol. ii. p. 233.) riSOeeOa, icc the middle voice, are always used of a
PARA'BASIS. [ConooEDIK.] person making a deposit for his own bezeqfit, with
PARA'BOLON (7rapagdAoio or 7rapaGdotov), the intention of taking it up again. Hence the
a small fee paid by the appellant party, on an ap- expression E'o-Oati Xdpwv, to confer an obligation,
peal (eqparsi) from an inferior to a superior tribu- which gives the right (as it were) of drawing upon
nal; as for instance, from an arbitrator or a the obliged party for a return of the favour at
magistrate, or from the court of the 7,1UdTrat, or some future time. Kopieso-Oai is to recover your
from the Senate of Five Hundred, to the jury or property or right. (Isocrat. c. Euthyn. 400, ed.
HIeliastic court. As to the sum to be paid, and Stepih.) [C. R. K.]
other particulars, we are uninformed. (Pollux, viii. PARADI'SUS (7rapd3rlsoos), was the name
62,63; Meier, Att..Proc. pp. 767, T72.) [C. R. K.] given by the Greeks to the parks or pleasurePARACATA'BOLE (ruapaKaragoX{), a sum of grounds, which surrounded the country residences
money required of a plaintiff or petitioner in certain of the Persian kings and satraps. They were
cases, as a security that his complaint or demand generally stocked with animals for the chace, were
was not frivolous, or made on slight and insuffi- full of all kinds of trees, watered by numerous
cient grounds. Such was the deposit made in streams, and enclosed with walls. (Xen. Atnrb. i.
certain inheritance causes, viz. a tenth part of the 4. ~ 10, Cyr. i. 3. ~ 14, 4. ~ 5, HIell. iv. 1. ~ 33,
v-alee of the property sought to be recovered. Oec. iv. 13; Dioed. Sic. xvi. 41; Curt. viii. i. ~ 11,
[tIERrSs.] So also in the proceeding termed 12; Gell. ii. 20.) These paradises were frequently
everriospKtua, which was a suit instituted against of great extent; thus Cyrus on one occasion rethe public treasury by a creditor to obtain payment viewed the Greek army in his paradise at Celaenae
out of his debtor's confiscated goods, a fifth part of (Xen. Anab. i. 2. ~ 9), and on another occasion
the value was deposited. It was returned to the the Greeks were alarmed by a report that there
petitioner, if successful; otherwise it went to the was a great army in a neighbouring paradise. (Id.
state. (Suidas, s. v.'EVer'0cri.rPa.) The money ii. 4. ~ 16.)
was deposited either at the adcrpirors, or on the Pollux (ix. 13) says that 7rapdestooe r was u
commencement of the cause. The word crapa- Persian word, and there can be no doubt that the
caraeoeX signifies both the paying of the deposit, Greeks obtained it from the Persians. The word,
and the money deposited; and, beinll a word of however, seenis to have been used by other Eastern
more general import, we find it used to denote nations, and not to have been peculiar to the Perother kinds of deposits, as the Wrpvraveea and sians. Gesenius (Lexicon H]ebcraiceuw, p. 838.?stpt-'craos. (Pollux, viii. 32; Meier, Att. Proc. Lips. 1833) and other writers suppose it to be tlhe
pp. 604, 616 —621.) [C. R. K.] same as te Sanskritpca, edcqs, but this word do s