Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

8531 PAL UDAMENTUM. PAMBOEOTIA.
down to the knees or a little loner, and hung hand and arml would be free and unembarrassed;
loosely over the shoulders, being fastened across but in the preceding cut, copied from the Raccolta
the chest by a clasp. A foolish controversy has Maffei, representing also a Roman emperor, we
arisen among antiquaries with regard to the posi- perceive that the clasp is on the left shoulder;
tion of this clasp, some asserting that it rested on while in the cut below, the noble head of a warrior
the right shoulder, others on the left, both parties from the great Mosaic of Pompeii, we see the
appealing to ancient statues and sculptures in sup- paludamentum flying back in the charge, and the
port of their several opinions, It is evident from clasp nearly in front. It may be said that the last
the nature of the garment, as represented in the is a Grecian figure; but this, if true, is of no imannexe.d illustrations, that the buckle must have portance, since the chlamys and the paludamentlmn
shifted frian place to place according to the move- were essentially, if not absolutely, the same. Nolins
mnents of the wearer; accordingly, in the following Marcellus considers the two terms synonymous,
cut, which contains two figures from Trajan's column, and Tacitus (An n. xii. 56) tells how the splendid
naumachia exhibited by Claudius was viewed by
Agrippina dressed chlacnyde ausrata, while Pliny
(H. N. xxxiii. 3) and Dion Cassius (lx. 33) in
narrating the same story use respectively the expressions paludacmento aurotextili, and XXaoSvL'
The colour of the paludamentum was commonly:i~'~~7~_.~~ _ -Xv 11 iwhite or purple, and hence it was marked and regy ~4 X membered that Crassus on the morning of the
A! *,,=4< -s___ l~fatal battle of Carrhae went forth in a dark-coloured
__ ____mantle. (Val. Max. i. 6. ~ 11; compare Plin.
Hr. N. xxii. 1; Hirtius, de bello 4Afiicano, c.
57.) [W. R.]
one representing an officer, the other the emperor PALUS, a pole or stake, was used in the miliwith a tunic and friniiged paludamentum, we ob- tary exercises of the Romans. It was stuck into
serve the clasp on the right shoulder, and this the ground, and the tirones had to attack it as if it
would manifestly be its usual position when the had been a real enemy; hence this kind of exercloak was not used for warmth, for thus the right cise is sometimes called Palarin. (Veget. i. 11).
Juvenal (vi. 247) alludes to it when he says,
"Quis non vidit vulnera pali?" and Martial (vii.
32. 8) speaks of it under the name of stipes, " At
nudi stipitis ictus hebes." (Becker, Gallus,i. p.27 8.)
raft'~ K~ ~PAMBOEOfTIA (rayuot&cTa), a festive panegyris of all the Boeotians, which the grammniarians
- /' / D compare with the Panathenaea of the Atticans,
and the Panionia of the Ionians. The principal
object of the meeting was the common worship of
Athena Itonia, who had a temple in the neigh\t~s, i{'\\ ~ bourhood of Coronea, near which the panegyris
~. ~ | 06qt l vwas held. (Strabo, ix. p. 411; Paus. ix. 34. ~ 1.)
From Polybius (iv. 3, ix. 34) it appears that during
l ~ 1#I - ilthis national festival no war was allowed to be
hi jAdtcarried on, and that in case of a war a truce was
always concluded. This paiegyvris is also mentioned by Plutarch. (Amat. Natrat. p. 774, f.)
It is a disputed point whether the Pamboeotia had
anything to do with the political constitution of
Boeotia, or with the relation of its several towns
to Thebes; but if so, it can have been only previous to the time when Thebes had obtained tile
undisputed supremacy in Boeotia. The question
US~~ - ~~~~is discussed in Saiite Croix, Des Gouvernements/iderat. p. 211, &c.; Raoul-Rochette, Surs la For'e