Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PALLIUM. PALLIUM. 851
his name woven in the squares (tessersae, 7rAv0fa) (Isid. Hisp. Orig. xix. 25), but also distinguished
in golden letters. (Plin. H. N. xxxv. 9. s. 36. 2.) by the specific terms lincteem, lintealoen; sinzdoa
An endless variety was produced by interweaving (Mart. EJpiq. iv. 12); osLvoYc (Herld. ii. 86(1.;
sprigs or flowers in the woof (nv0cer -,rerourar- Mark, xiv. 51, 52); and its diminutive ola3oviov.
uaeso,, Plat. Republ. viii. p. 401, ed. Bekker). By (Palladii: Vita Secrap.) A coarse linen palliunl was
the saime process carried to a higher degree of also called qPc6dowv (Pollux, vii. c. 16), anid a flune
complexity and refinement, whole figures and one dOdva, dim. 6Ois0ov. (Hem. I1. iii. 141, xviiio
even historical or mythological subjects were in- 595; Brunck, Anal. iii. 81.) These specific ternms
troduced, and in this state of advancement the are no doubt of Egyptian origin, having been islweaving of pallia was the elegant and worthy em- troduced among the Hebrews, the Greeks, and
ployment of females of the first distinction (Hom. the Romans, together with the articles of merchanII. iii. 125-128, xxii. 440, 441), and of Athena, dize to which they were applied. On the same
the inventress of the art, herself. (Apollon. Rhod. principle a cotton pallium is called?l/a catrlatsea
i. 721-768.) The greatest splendour was im- (Prudent. PsycOheo. 186, 187), and a silk shawl is
parted by the use of gold thread. (Virg. Aen. iv. denonlinated vpalli7um Sericum7 (Stat. Sylv. iii. 4.
262-264; Plin. I. N\. viii. 48, xxxiii. 19; Anson. 89), and 0c'ov,2ErJpic6vl. (Arrian, Per. lMa Eysthl,
Ep~)ig. 37; Themist. Orat. 21; Q. Curt. iii. 3. 17.) pp. 164, 170, 173, 177, ed. Blancardi.)
Homer represents Penelope weaving a purple The following instances of the application of
blanket for Ulysses, which also displayed a beau- pallia to the purposes of common life, show th at it
tiful hunting-piece wrought in gold. (Od. xix. is an error to translate the word in all cases by
225-235.) The epithet 3&'rAe, which is com- "cloak" or " garment," and although in some of
monly applied by the poets to these figured palls, these cases the application may have been accidental,
probably denoted that they were made on the it serves not the less on that account to demonstirate
principle of a quilt or a Scotch carpet, in which the form and properties of the thing spoken of,
two cloths of different colours are so interlaced as and the true meaning of the various naimes by
to form one double cloth, which displays a pattern which it was called.
of any kind according to the fancy of the artist. I. They were used to spread over beds and
Although pallia were finished for use without couches, and to cover the body during sleep (icadthe intervention of the tailor, they were sub- Tiov, Aelian, V. /I. viii. 7, xii. 1; Deut. xxiv. 13;
mitted to the embroiderer (Pkryqio; croixlrsxvs, luarocrubs, Theophrast. Clain. 23; depos, Soph.
7rAovcapois: Aesch. c. Ti?72ach. p. 118, ed. Reiske; *Tracc. 916, compare 537; XA&t7va, Theocrit. xviii.
Schol. ad loc.); and still more commonly to the 19, xxiv. 25; Hoem. Od. xiv. 500-521, xvii.
fuller [FvuLo], who received them both when 86, 179, xx. 4, 95, 143; Htymn. in Ven. 159they were new from the loom, and when they 184; XAaviecloa, Alciphron, 1. c.; pa/llium, Jaiv.
were sullied through use. Hence it was a re- vi. 202; Spartian, Incadr. 22). In many of these
commendation of this article of attire to be well- cases it is to be observed, that the samne patllitln
trodden (Edir't-0-, Apollon. Rhod. ii. 30) and which was worn as a garment by day served to
well washed (ei7rXsvEs, Holn. Od. -viii. 425). The sleep in at night, in exact agreement with the
men who performed the operation are called o0 practice which to the present day prevails amolag
7rXvv1s, i. e. the washers, in an inscription found the Bedonin Arabs, wvho constantly use their large
in the stadium at Athens. Another appellation hykes for both purposes. [LECTUS; LODIS
which they bhere, viz. o0 arTiCes, the treaders TAPES.]
(Schol. in 2Apoll. Rzod. 1. c.), is well illustrated II. They were spread on the ground acad used
by the woodcut, representing them at tlaeir work, for carpets. Clitus, the friend of Alexander, whllen
in p. 552. he held a levee, appeared walking t7ra ropcpvpciv
Considering palisis anad paltc, (ia-ovss and variawv. (Athen. xii. p. 539, c.) This was an
fpapos, as genejic terms, we find specific terms affectation of Eastern luxury. When the people
included under theml, and denoting distinctions at Jerusalem spreadI their aykes upon the grounlld
which depended on the materials of which the (as recorded in St. Matt. xxi. 8; St. Mark, xi. 8;
cloth -was made. Among the Greeks and Romans St. Luke, xix. 36) they intended thereby to recogby far the most common material was wool. nise Jesus as a king. [TAPES.]
(Plaut. Aili. iii. 1. 93; Xen. Oecon. vii. 36; III. They were hung over doors (Prudent. adv.
Theocrit. 1. c.) The garment made of it (laneumn Sy7ym. ii. 726), and used as awnings or curtaills.
pallizon, Cic. de Nalt. Deer. iii. 35) was called (from (Athen. xii. p. 518, a.)
the root of lanC, wool), in Latiin LAENA, in Greek IV. At the bath, persons wiped and rubbed
XAaCa.: sand as the garment varied, not only in themselves not only with linen sheets (linteis), blut
colour and ornament, but also in fineness, in close- with very soft blanikets (pall/iis ex m/lzoli.ssilna lLza
mess of texture (Clcarhao' XaE7rT7ra7TraS, Aelian, V. 11. fictris, Petron. Sat. 28). The coarse linlen cloth
iv. 3), anld in size, sonme of these differences were used for this purpose was called sabanuni (adacavos).
expressed by the diminutives of XXdaa, such as V. Agamenlnon (Hom. I1. viii. 221) hiolds in
Xlta'vov, XXayVs (Herod. iii. 139; Athen. xii. pp. his hand "a great purple fapos" to serve as a
545, a, 548, a, 553 a), XeaviaLtov (IHerod. i. 195, basnner floating in the air.
compared with Strabo, xvi. 1. ~ 20; Plut. SycZnp. VI. Pallia, especially of linen and cotton, Nwere
Pr'obl. vi. 6; Dionys. Ant. Ren7. vii. 9), xXav''- used for sails (cSc-ewvcs, Ly-cophron, v. 26; AlvdtKlo, (Aristoph. 2Ac/carn. 518; Acsch. c. Tin2arc-C. lcp oov (updpos, Eurip.rfec. 1080; Honem. Od. v. 2511).
p. 142; Alciphron, i. 38), and XXaeierci8iov. VII. When Antonly's ships were on fire, his
(Aristoph. Pacx, 1002.) In like manner we find soldiers, having failed to extinguish it by xater,
the pallium nlot only designated by epithets added which they could not obtain in sufficient quantity,
to the general terms in order to denote that it was threwa upon it their thick blankets (i/aci-sa avT-s-c
made of flax, e.q. lp. Iros AXsvoo, XlreVo eO'a-AUvra v' raxEca, Dion Cass. 1. 34).
dpea (Orpheus, de alcid. 702), patl/ium ltiiemna VIII. Thick coarse blankets, which had not
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