Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

8,50 PALILIA. PALLIUIM.
J. v. Parilibus; Cic. de Divin. ii. 47; Varro, de him, and had commenced its second existence.
Re Rust. ii. 1; Plin. H. N. xviii. 66); and some (Suet. Calig. 16.) Athenaeus (1. c.) says, that
of the rites customary in later times were said to before his time the name Palilia had been changed
have been first performed by Romulus when he into Romana ('Po#Aata). Whether this change
fixed the pomoerium. (Dionys. 1. c.) Ovid (Fast. of name was occasioned by the decree in the
iv. 731, &c.) gives a description of the rites of the reign of Caligula just mentioned, is unknown.
Palilia, which clearly shows that he regarded it as (Comp. Hartung, Die Relig. des R tlner, vol. ii.
a shepherd-festival, such as it must originally have p. 150, &c.) [L. S.]
been when the Romans were real shepherds and PALIMPSESTUS. [LIBEa.]
husbandmen, and as it must have continued to be PALLA. [PALLIUM.]
among country-people in his own time, as is ex- PALLACE (7raAxaecd). [CoNcuBINA.]
pressly stated by Dionysius; for in the city itself PALLIA'TA FA'BULA. [Co0M1OEDIA, p.
it must have lost its original character, and have 346.]
been regarded only as the dies natalitius of PAILLIUM, dim. PALLIOLUM,poet. PALRome. The connection, however, between these LA (Plant. Men. ii. 3. 41-47; Ovid. Azmor. iii.
two characters of the festival is manifest, as the 1. 12, iii. 2. 25) ([/udieTov, dimn. IpLais8tov; Ion.
founders of the city were, as it were, the kings of and poet. 4papos). The English cloak, though comshepherds, and the founders of a religion suited to monly adopted as the proper translation of these
shepherds. terms, conveys no accurate conception of the form,
The first part of the solemnities, as described material, or use of that which they denoted. The
by Ovid, was a public purification by fire and article designated by them was always a rectansmoke. The things burnt in order to produce gular piece of cloth, exactly, or at least nearly,
this purifying smoke were the blood of the Oc- square (TeTpdaywva idLMra, Posidonius ap. Athez.
tober-horse, the ashes of the calves sacrificed at v. p. 213; quadrangy2uls, Tertull. de Pallio, 1).
the festival of Ceres, and the shells of beans. Hence it could easily be divided without loss or
The people were also sprinkled with water; they waste into four parts. (John, xix. 23.) It was
washed their hands in spring-water, and drank indeed used in the very form in which it was
milk mixed with must. (Ovid. Fatst. 1. c.; compare taken from the loom [TELA], being made entirely
Propert. iv. 1. 20.) As regards the October-horse by the weaver (Tb ltdrtomv vtp5vraL, Plat. Czar71'm.
(equus October) it must be observed that in early pp. 86, 98. ed. Heindorf; Hipp. Alin. p. 210, ed.
times no bloody sacrifice was allowed to be offered Bekker), without any aid from the tailor except
at the Palilia, and the blood of the October- to repair (sascire, &se-iGart) the injuries which it
horse, mentioned above, was the blood which had sustained by time. Although it was often ornadropped from the tail of the horse sacrificed in nmented, more especially among the northern nathe month of October to Mars in the Campus tions of Europe, with a fringe [FIosBRIAE], yet
Martius. This blood was preserved by the Vestal this was commonly of the same piece with the
virgins in the temple of Vesta for the purpose of pallium itself. Also whatever additional richness
being used at the Palilia. (Solin. p. 2, d; Fest. and beauty it received from the art of the dyer,
s. v. October equus; Plut. Rom7ul. 12.) When was bestowed upon it before its materials were
towards the evening the shepherds had fed their woven into cloth or even spun into thread. Most
flocks, laurel-branches were used as brooms for commonly it was used without having undergone
cleaning the stables, and for sprinkling water any process of this kind. The raw material, such
through them, and lastly the stables were adorned as wool, flax, or cotton, was manufactured in its
with laurel-boughs. Hereupon the shepherds burnt natural state, and hence blankets and sheets were
sulphur, rosemary, fir-wood, and incense, and made commonly white (XsEosC i/ udrLa, Artemidor. ii. 3),
the smoke pass through the stables to purify although from the same cause brown, drab, and
them; the flocks themselves were likewise puri- grey were also prevailing colours. The more
fled by this smoke. The sacrifices which were splendid and elegant tints were produced by the
offered on this day consisted of cakes, millet, mills, application of the murex (muricata, conchlyliate,
and other kinds of eatables. The shepherds then purpirea, vestis; 7ropipvpois, dAouvp?~ iuamra, Heoffered a prayer to Pales. After these solemn raclides Pont. ap. Athen. xii. p. 512), the kernies
rites were over, the cheerftul part of the festival (cocciszemes, KIlcJtcvov), the argol (fucatus), and the
began: bonfires were made of heaps of hay and saffron (crocems, c pocTsrdv). [CROCOTAt.] Pale
straw, and under the sounds of cymbals and flutes green was also worn (6zqdictrov, Pollux, Onom.
the sheep were again purified by being compelled vii. 56). Black and grey pallia were either made
to run three times through the fire, and the shep- from the wool of black sheep (Theocrit. v. 98) or
herds themselves did the same. The festival was were the result of the art of the dyer. They were
concluded by a feast in the open air, at which the worn in mourning (juFAava lud~ra, Xen. Iist. Gr.
people sat or lay upon benches of tur; and drank i. 7. ~ 8; Artemidor. 1. c.; paasv iEO8ra, Inscripplentifullly. (Tibull. ii. 5. 87, &c.; compare Pro- tion zin Fellows's Journal, 1838, p. 31), and by
pert. iv. 4. 75.) sorceresses. (Hor. Sat. i. 8. 23.) The pallium of
In the city of Rome the festival must, at least one colour (ZitdXpoov iudlrtov, literally " the selfin later times, have been celebrated in a different coloured," Artem. I. c.) was distinguished from the
manner; its character of a shepherd-festival -was variegated (7rocKiAov); and of this latter class the
forgotten, and it was merely looked upon as the simplest kinds were the striped (pacwT7Orv, Xen.
day on which Rome had been built, and was cele- Cyrop. viii. 8. ~ 8), ill which the efiect was probrated as such with great rejoicings. (Athen. viii. duced by inserting alternately a woof of different
p. 361.) In the reign of Caligula it was decreed colours, and the check or plaid (scutilatam., tessethat the day, oil which this emperor had come to IZlatum), in which the same colours were made to
the throne, should be celebrated under the name alternate in the warp also. Zeuxis, the painter,
of Palilia, as if the empire had been revived by exhibited at the Olympic games a plaid having