Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ORGYIA. OSCHOPHORIA. 845
coudition of eloquence to the political power which stretched arms, whence the name, from,?ppyw.
oratory conferred on the orator under the Republic, (Xen. ~esaz. ii. 3. ~ 19; Pollux, ii. 158.) It was
and to the party struggles and even the violence equal to 6 feet or to 4 cubits, and was 1-100th of
that are incident to such a state of society. The the stadium. (Herod. ii. 149.) It may be exallusion to the effect produced by the establish- pressed nearly enough in English by the word
ment of the Imperial power is clear enough in the fat/lon. (Comp. MENSURA and the Tables.) [P. S.]
following words, which refer both to the Imperial ORICHALCUM (SpeiXaAKos), a metallic comnand the RPepublican periods: " cum mixtis omnibus pound, akin to copper and bronze, which was
et moderatore uno carentibus, tantum quisque orator highly prized by the ancients. (See the passages
saperet, quantum erranti populo persuaderi poterat." in Forcellini, and the other Latin Lexicons.) The
The memorials of Roman oratory are the ora- word has given rise to much doubt; but the truth
tions of Cicero; but they are only a small portion seems to be that it denotes brass, with which the
of the great mass of oratorical literature. The frag- ancients became acquainted by fusing zinc ore
mrents of the Roman orators from Appius Caecus (cadmiuzm, calamine) with copper, although they
and M. Porcius Cato to Q. Aurelius Symmachus, appear to have had scarcely any knowledge of
have been collected by H. Meyer, Zurich, 1 vol. zinc as a metal. They appear to have regarded
8vo. 2d ed. 1842. [G. L.] orichalcum as a sort of bronze. How little acORBUS. [LEGES JULIAE, p. 692, b.] quainted they were with its true formation is
ORCA. [SITELLA.] shown by the fact that, deceived by its colour,
ORCHE'SIS (`pXmiris). [SALTATIO.] they supposed gold to be one of its constituents,
ORCHESTRA. [THEATRUM.] and then perpetuated their error by a false orthoORCINUS LIBERTUS. [MANtMlaIsslo.] graphy, auric/alcucn. The true derivation is no
ORCINUS SENATOR. [SENATUS.] doubt from 03pos and XaXtKs, that is, mountainORDINA'RIUS JUDEX. [JUDEr PEDA- bronze, so called probably because it was obtained
NErus.] by fusing copper with an ore (metal as found in
ORDINA'RIUS SERVUS. [SasRVus.] the mountain), and not with an already reduced
ORDO is applied to any body of men, who form metal. (See especially Strabo, with Groskurd's
a distinct class in the community, either by pos- note, and Beckman, as quoted in the article MEsessing distinct privileges, pursuing certain trades TALLUM.) [P. S.]
or professions, or in any other way. Thus Cicero ORIGINAIRII. [COLoNATUVS, p. 311, b.]
(Verr. ii. 6) speaks of the "Ordo aratorum, sive ORNAMEINTA TRIUMPHA'LIA. [TRIx.
pecuariorum, sive mercatorum." In the same way UMPHUS.]
the whole body of sacerdotes at Rome is spoken of ORNA/TRIX [COMA, p. 330, b].
as an ordo (Festus, s. v. Ordo Sacerdotusze), and ORTHODO'RON. [MENsvRA.]
separate ecclesiastical corporations are called by the OSCHOPHO'RIA (o'XoeJppa or woXoXoJpta),
same title. (Ordo collegii nostri, Orelli, Inscr. n. an Attic festival, which according to some writers
2417; Ordo Seviraliuma, Id. n. 2229.) The liber- was celebrated in honour of Athena and Dionysus
tini and scribae also formed separate ordines. (Suet. (Phot. p. 322, Bekk,), and according to others in
dae Granmaat. 18; Cic. Verr. i. 47, iii. 79.) The honour of Dionysus and Ariadne. (Plut. Tl.es. 23.)
Senate and the Equites are also spoken of re- The time of its celebration is not mentioned by any
spectively as the Ordo Senatorius and Ordo Eques- ancient writer, but Corsini (Fast. Att. ii. p. 354)
tris [SENATUS; EQUITEs]; but this name is supposes with great probability that it was held at
never applied to the Plebes. Accordingly, we find the commencement of the Attic month Pyanepsion.
the expression " Uterque Ordo " used without any It is said to have been instituted by Theseus. Its
further explanation to designate the Senatorial name is derived from &Xaos, iboxos, or'o-Xs7, a
and Equestrian ordines. (Suet. Aug. 15; Vell. Pat. branch of vines with grapes, for it was a vintage
ii. 100.) The Senatorial Ordo, as the highest, is festival, and on the day of its celebration two
sometimes distinguished as "amplissimus Ordo." youths, called o'rxo6dipot, whose parents were alive,
(Plin. Ep. x. 3; Suet. Otho, 8, Vest. 2.) and who were elected from among the noblest and
The senate in colonies and municipia was called wealthiest citizens (Schol. ad Nicand. Alexip/.
Ordo Decurionum (Dig. 59. tit. 2. s. 2. ~ 7; Orelli, 109), carried, in the disguise of women, branches
Inscer. n. 1167; COLONA, p. 318, a), and sometimes of vines with fresh grapes from the temple of
simply Ordo (Tacit. Hist. ii. 52; Dig. 50. tit. 2. Dionysus in Athens, to the ancient temple of
s. 2. ~ 3; Orelli, n. 3734), Ordo amplissimus Athena Sciras in Phalerus. These youths were
(Cic. pro Cael. 2), or Ordo splendidissimus (Orelli, followed by a procession of persons who likewise
n. 1180, 1181). carried vine-branches5 and a chorus sang hymns
The term Ordo is also applied to a company called'aeXoyqoptc/a uEXA, which were accompanied
or troop of soldiers, and is used as equivalent by dances. (Athen. xiv. p. 681.) In the sacrifice
to Centulria: thus centurions are sometimes called which was offered on this occasion, women also
"qui ordines duxerunt"' (Cic. Plil. i. 8; Caes. took part; they were called aElrmOodOpOt, for they
Bell. Civ. i. 13), and the first centuries in a legion represented the mothers of the youths, carried the
"primi ordines." (Caes. Bell. Gall. v. 28, 44.) provisions (b'#a eKal atla) for them, and related
Even the centurions of the first centuries are oc- stories to them. During the sacrifice the staff of
casionally called "Primi Ordines." (Caes. Bell. the herald was adorned with garlands, amd when
Gall. v. 30, vi. 7; Liv. xxx. 4; Gronov. ad loc.) the libation was performed the spectators cried
[Conip. xYRsciTvus, p. 501, b.] out iAEAP mlob, mlo. (Plut. T/les. 22.) The ephebi
ORIGANON. [HYDRA ULA; MACHINA.] taken from all the tribes had on this day a contest
O'RGIA. [MYSTERIA.) in racing from the city to the temple of Athena
ORGYIA (6pyvamd), a Greek measure of Sciras, during which they also carried the -~Xn7,
length, derived from the human body, was the and the victor received a cup filled with five dif.
distance from extremity to extremity of the out- ferent things (7rerd7rAoos,7revta7rAo'a, or7rerTa7rhAi),