Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

zOI U Sii. OLEA. 823
slopp2ng all round, and inclined from one sunmlit The other principal Odea were that of Corinth,'(Peric. 13). He also says that, in its internal also built by Ierodes (Palls. ii. 3. ~ 6; Philost.
arrangement, the building had many seats and 1. c.); that of Patrae, which was next in magnifimany pillars. From a few other passages, and cence to that of I1erodes at Athens, and contained.
from the scanty remains of such edifices, we may among other worlis of art, a celebrated statue of
conclude further that the Odeum had an orchestra Apollo (Paus. vii. 20. ~ 6); those of Smyrna and
for the chorus and a stage for the musicians (of Tralles already mentioned; that of Messene, 112
less depth than the stage of the theatre), behind feet long, and 93 feet in its inner diameter; that
which were rooms, which were probably used for of Nicopolis, with an inner diameter equal to the
keeping the dresses and vessels, and ornaments last, but with an outer diameter of 193 feet: there
required for religious processions. Of course the are also ruins of Odea at Laodicea, Ephesus, AneOdeum required no shifting scenes; but the wall murium, and other places in Asia Minor. (See
at the back of the stage seems to have been per- Chandler, Pococke, Beanufort's Caraslania, Leake,
manently decorated with paintings. For ex- and other topographers.)
ample, Vitruvius tells us (vii. 5. ~ 5), that, in the The first Odeum, properly so called, at Rome,
small theatre at Tralles (which was doubtless an was built by Domitian (Suet. Domn. 5; Eutrop.
Odeum), Apaturius of Alabanda painted the scena viii. 13), and the second by Trajan. (Amm.
with a composition so fantastic that he was corm- Marc. xvi. 10.) There are ruins of such buildings
pelled to remove it, and to correct it according to in the villa of Hadrian at Tivoli, at Pompeii, and
the truth of natural objects. Among the paintings at Catana.
in the Odeurn at Smyrna was a Grace, ascribed As a general fact, the Odea were less strictly
to Apelles. (Paus. ix. 35. ~ 6.) The Odea of reserved for their special use than the theatres.
later times were richly decorated. That of He- Some of the extra uses, to which the Odeum of
rodes Atticus had its roof of beams of cedar Pericles was applied, have been already menadorned with carvings, and contained numerous tioned. It was also used sometimes as a court of
works of art. (Philost. ii. 1. p. 551.) justice (Aristoph. Vesp. 1104, c. Sch/ol., comp.
The earliest building of this kind was that al- Pollux, viii. 6); and philosophical disputations
ready mentioned as erected by Pericles at Athens, were held in the Odea. (Plut. de Exsil. p. 604.)
for the purpose, according to Plutarch (I. c.) of Further details will be found in the following
celebrating the musical contests at the Panathe- works. (Martini, Ueber die Odeen; Stieglitz,
naea. It lay on the left hand to persons coming Arehol. d. Baukunst, vol. ii. sect. 3; Hirt, Lehlre
out of the great theatre, and therefore at the foot d. Gebiiude, pp. 111-113; Rose, iiber die Odeen
of the south-eastern part of the Acropolis. (Vitruv. in Athen, Romo,?z. IKartlago, Soest, 1831, 4to;
v. 9.)'Its proximity to the theatre suggested Miiller, Arch. d. unzst, ~ 289; Klalsen, in Ersch
some of the uses made of it, namely, as a refuge and Gruber's Enc.yklophidie; Baumstark, in the
for the audience when driven out of the theatre Real E, yccloop. d. class. Alterthsum7.) [P. S.]
by rain, and also as a place in which the chorus OECUS. [Domvs, p. 428, b.]
could be prepared. (Vitruv. 1. c.) It was burnt OENTOMELUM. [VINuM.]
when Athens was taken by Sulla, B.c. 85, and was OENO'PHORUM (ovo'(popov), a basket, or
restored by Ariobarzanes II. king of Cappadocia; other contrivance for carrying bottles of wine I a
wno employed C. and M. Stallius and Menalip- wine-basket. This was sometimes used by those
pus as the architects of the work. Ariobarzanes who took their own wine with them in travelling
reigned from B.C. 63 to about B. C. C. 51. (Vitrnv. in order to avoid the necessity of purchasing it on
1. c.; Paus. i. 20. ~ 4; Appian. Bell. ls/th. 38; the read. (Hor. Sal i. 6. 109; Juv. St. vii. 11;
Blbckh, Coap. izser. vol. i. No. 357.) The build- Pers. Sat. v. 140; Mart. vi. 88.) A slave, called
ilng is now entirely destroyed. the wine-bearer (oenophorus, Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8.
This was not the only Odeum at Athens in the s. 19), carried it probably on his back. [J. Y.]
time of Hadrian and the Antonines. Pausanias, OFFENDIX. [APEX.]
who in the passage referred to, does not apply the OFFICIA'LES. [EXERCITUS, p. 508, b.]
name of Odeum to the building, speaks of an OFFI'CIUM ADMISSIO'NUM. [AD:MISOdeum at Athens in two other passages (i. 8. ~ 6, SIoNAIIS.]
14. ~ 1), from a close exmnination of which it ap- Of'KIAS DIKE (oslran ire), an action to
pears more than doubtful whether this Odeum is recover a house, in which (as in any other action
the same as the former. Stieglitz (p. 228, foll.) where property was the subject of litigation) the
identifies it with the Pnyx, which he supposes to dicasts decided (ie8iKaaerev) to which of the parties
have been fitted up as an Odeumn, while that of the house belonged, and adjudged it to him (Ire-.
Pericles was in ruins. It is remarkable that Pau- Scgaone). Nothing further being requisite, the
sanias nowhere mentions the Pnyx, unless this suit was an a&vilrm-oe &?yv, Certain speeches of
Odeum be the same as it. Lysias, Isaeus, and Hyperides, which are now lost,
Another Odeum was built at Athens by He- were upon this subject. The oieras 3uemC was only
rodes Atticus, and was the most magnificent edi- to iecover the house itself; the by-gone rents, or
fice of the sort in the whole empire. It stood, as mesne profits, were recoverable in an action called
compared with the Odeum of Pericles, on the EvoiKgon 8icKq. [See ENOIrIOU DItE.,] (Meier,
opposite side of the great theatre, under the south- Att. Proc. p. 492.) [C. R. K.]
western part of the Acropolis; where large ruins O'LEA, OLI'VA (E'iala); O'LEUM, OLI'of it are still seen. The length of its largest VUM (Ehaaov); OLE'TUMI, OLIVE'TUM
diameter was 248 feet, and it is calculated to have (iealcwv).
furnished accommodation for aboult 8000 persons. The importance of the olive was recognised from
(Leake, Topoyr. of Aithens, p. 61.) This building the most remote period of antiquity, in all civilised
was erected after Pausanias wrote his first book, and countries where the temperature admitted of its
before he wrote his seventh. (Paus. vii. 20. ~ 3.) cultivation; and it was widely adopted as Ad
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