Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

782 NAVARCHUS. NAUCRARIA.
monies connected with the celebration of certain been employed at the prow of the vessels. (Xenophl
festivals. The Bacchanalia were of foreign origin, de Republ. Ath. 1, 2. ~ 20; compare STRAand of short duration. [DIONYSIA.] TEGUS.)
A very full account of the Greek mysteries is Other Greek states who kept a navy had likegiven by Limburg-Brouwer, Hist. de la Civilisat. wise their navarchs. A Spartan navarchus is menAlfor. et Relig. des Grecs, vol. iv. p. 180-415, and tioned by Xenophon (Hellen. ii. 1. ~ 7), and
chapter xxvi. of the same work contains a useful under him served an officer called ErsLeroAevs.
survey of the various opinions upon the subject (Pollux, i. 96; Sturz, Lex. Xenoph. ii. p. 321.)
which have been entertained by modern.scholars The navarchia of Sparta however was an innovaand philosophers. [L. S.] tion of later times, when the Spartans had acquired
MYSTILE (xuoAVrls). [COENA, p. 305, a]. a fleet and possessions in foreign countries. The
MYSTRUM (~6)(rTpov), a Greek liquid mea- office was distinct from that of the kings, and
sure, of which there were two sizes, called the Aristotle (Polit. ii. 6. p. 69, ed. Gdttling) calls it
large and small mystrunm. The small, which was OXebs etriE'pa larieLa. (See Weber, Dc Gytheo
the more common of the two, was -: of the cotyla, et Lacedaeemonioiwm Reb. Naesalib. p. 73, &c.)
and ~ of the cyathus, and therefore contained about The navarchus in Rhodes seems to have been
1-50th of an English pint. (Galen, Frag. c. 15.) their chief military officer. We find him authoGalen adds that the smaller mystrum contained 21 rized to conclude treaties with foreign nations
drachms, that the larger was - of the cotyla, and (Polyb. xvii. 1), and sent on embassies in the
contained 33 drachms; but that the most exact name of the republic. (Polyb. xxx. 8; Liv. xlv.
mystrum (rb 6aKLcat-dnaiot' E6orpov) held 8 scruples, 25.) [L. S.]
that is, 2} drachms. According to this, the small NAUCRA'RIA (avcKpapia) is the name of a
mnystrum would be " of the larger. But in the division of the inhabitants of Attica. The four
13th chapter of the same fragment he makes the Attic phylae were each divided into three phratries,
large mystrum = - of the cotyla and the small and each of these twelve phratries into four naumystrum I of the large. In c. 4 he makes the craries, of which there were thus forty-eight. This
large mystrum = 3 oxybapha, and the small = 1-. division is ascribed to Solon (Photius, s. v. NavCleopatra makes the large = -/- of the cotyla, the Kpapia), but Herodotus (v. 71) in relating the insmall= a —. (Wurm, de Pond. p. 130.) [P. S.] surrection of Cylon mentions magistrates at Athens
called 7rpurdvrs -m' Yvaviscpdcpa, so that the naucraries must have existed long before Solon. There
N. is, however, some difficulty connected with this
passage of Herodotus, inasmuch as Thucydides
NAE'NIA. [FuNus, p. 559, a.] (i. 126) in relating the same event mentions the
NAOS. [TEMPLUM.] nine archons instead of the prytanes of the nauNATALI'TII LUDI. [LJDr NATALiTII.] craries. Wachsmuth (Iellen. Alt. vol. i. p. 366,
NATA'LIBUS RESTITU'TIO. [INGENUI.] 2d ed.) endeavours very ingeniously to reconcile
NATA'TIO, NATATO'RIUM. [BALNEAE, Herodotus and Thucydides, by supposing that the
p. 189, b.] prytanes of the naucraries were the same as the
NATU'RA, NATURA/LIS RA'TIO. [Jus.] trittyarchs, the assessors of the first archon, and
NAVA'LES DUU'MVIRI. [DuuvMvIRL] were thus identified by Thucydides with the archonls
NAVA'LES SO'CII. [ExERCITUS, p. 509, b.] themselves. What the naucraries were previous
NAVA'LIA, were docks at Rome where ships to the legislation of Solon is not stated anywhere,
were built, laid up, and refitted. They were but it is not improbable that they were political
attached to the emporium outside of the Porta divisions similar to the demes in the constitution of
Trigemina, and were connected with the Tiber. Cleisthenes, and were made perhaps at the time of
(Liv. xxxv. 10, xl. 51, xlv. 2.) The emporium the institution of the nine archons for the purpose
and navalia were first included within the walls of regulating the liturgies, taxes, or financial and
of the city by Aurelian. (Vopisc. Aurel. 21.) military affairs in general. (Bdickh, Publ. Econ. ii.
The docks (VE&sOLCom or VYeWpLa) in the Peiraeeus ~ 21.) Tittmann (Griech. Staatsv. p. 269) moreat Athens cost 1000 talents, asd having been de- over supposes with some probability, that they
stroyed in the anarchy were again restored and were, like the demes of Attica, local divisions.
finally completed by Lycurgus. (Isocr. Areopcg. Hence the grammarians inform us that vabitpapos,
25; Bickh, Publ. Econ. p. 201, 2nd ed.) They or the chief officer of every naucra ry was the same
were under the superintendence of regular offlcers as the demarch. At any rate, however, the naucalled E7rLUEAlejaL ThWO- VewplwmY. [ErPIrELETAE, craries before the time of Solon can have had no
No. 5.] connection with the navy, for the Athenians then
NAVA'LIS CORO'NA. [CaoNa, p. 360,] had no navy, and the word rvaivpapos cannot be
NAVARCHUS (YaSapXos) is the n me by derived from vais, a ship, but from acico, and
which the Greeks designated both the captain of a vaivKpapos is only another form for,aS'KAmipos ill
single ship, and the admiral of a fleet, The office the sense of a householder, as YaiJxov was used for
itself was called vauapXia. The admiral of the the rent of a house. (Polux, x. 20; Wachsmuth,
Athenian fleet was always one of the ten generals Hellen. Alt. vol, i, p. 367; Thirlwall, flist. of' Gr.
(e-rpa7yo0i) elected every year, and he had either vol. ii. p. 52.)
the whole or at least the principal command of the Solon in his legislation thus only retained the
fleet. (Plut. T~lenzist. 18.) The chief officers who old institution of the naucraries. His innovation
served under him were the trierarchs and the pen- probably was that he charged each of them with
tecontarchs, each of whom commanded one vessel; the equipment of one trireme and with the mountthe inferior officers in the vessels were the Kcv9ep- ing of two horsemen. (Pollux, viii. 108.) All
vgWai or helmsmen, the ICeXNEUo-ae or commanders military affairs, as far as regards the defraying of
of the rowers, and the 7rpwpcop-ra who must have expences, probably continued as before to be reagr