Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

MUSICA. MUSICA. 7'5
w7rac the lowest but one, and 7rapaVljfr the highest or Pythagoras), would give an octachordal lyre
but one. IapaYrvT?7 was also frequently called with a complete octave for its scale. And an inAlXavod, probably because in some ancient instru- strument called mnagadis, which must have had a
ment the corresponding string was struck by the still greater compass, was very early known, and
forefinger; and irapv7rar,'q was afterwards called is said to have had twenty strings as used by
-rpti77 in certain cases. These names were used in Anacreon. (See Bickh, de.Metr. Pind. lib. iii.
all the genera; but the name of the genus was cap. 7, 11.)
conlmonly added to XLXavbs (thus hNXavbs 8tTov5OS, When two tetrachords were joined so that the
Xpwloa,rucL or'eyap/ultlos), perhaps because the highest sound of one served also for the lowest of
position of this sound with respect to v7ra'cr/ and the other, they were said to be conjunct avvylq1'r?7i is what chiefly determines the elcaracter of puia). But if the highest sound of one were a
the genus. When the two lowest intervals of the tone lower than the lowest of the other, they were
tetrachord taken together were less than the re- called disjunct (aeSev-yue'Va), thus
maining one, those two were said to form a condensed interval (rvvKvov). Thus the interval be- BCDEF G A conjunct.
tween v'ra'cr- and AXavos is 7ruvOs' in the Enharmonic and Chromatic genera. The three sounds E F G A. B C D E disjunct.
of the 7rvKvbv were sometimes called f3apvirvmKves,
peso7ruvcvos and Uvrr,7mdncs, and sounds which did In the latter case the tone (between A and B)
not belong to a 7rutcvoI were called a7rvcKvo. which separates them was called'r1vos 7a)SVcTIt is not to be supposed that the tetrachord VcS. (Eucl. p. 17.)
could long continue to firnish the entire scale used A hendecachordal system, consisting of three
in practice, though it was always considered as the tetrachords, of which the middle one was conjunct
element of the more comprehensive systems which w the lower but disjunct from the upper thus
gradually came into use. The theory of the genera,. -
as has been seen, required only the tetrachord for B C D E F G A B C D E,
its full development, though it certainly could not is supposed to have been used about the time of
have been invented till after the enlargement of Pericles. (Bickh.) In such a system the lowest
the scale. tetrachord was called (-rseTPXop3o') i7raT'rin, the
Terpander is said to have invented the seven- middle e'uIowv, and the highest 8eCev-yywE-'c.
stringed lyre (Eucl. p. 19), which seems not to Afterwards a single sound (called 7rpoaoAalsavdhave been obsolete in Pindar's time (Pyth.. ii. 70); peisos) was added at an interval of a tone below
its scale consisted of an octave with one sound the lowest of viraT&b, and a conjunct tetrachord
omitted. (Arist. Prob. xix. 7, 25, 32.) The ad- (called v7reproXafLwv) was added above. And thus
dition of this omitted sound (attributed to Lycaon arose a system of two complete octaves,
which was called the greater perfect system. An- virar'v, pE'wcv,,-and ausurcnuwvz,' with irpooacag.
other system, called the smaller perfect system, was cavo evos, thus,
composed of three conjunct tetrachords, called
and these two together constituted the immutable So far the sounds are common to the greater and
system (6&Ortya asEcEioXsoO) described by all the' smaller systems. Then follow, in the greater,
writers later than Aristoxenus, and probably known B 7rapa/eA'ar
to him. (Eucl. p. 17.) C rpi!Tr- 8eeVyIe'v 1WY
The sounds in these systems were named in the ID 7rapaVsrT eESev'yEv1wOV T
way before described, the names of the tetrachord E Vs7Tl 8LEEV7Yje'VCV
only being added, and yem and Frapape'rs being F'pt'Th dvi7repoXacwv
substituted for'r1 isesWe and dr&'r1 6esevUY- G 7rapav~ V7r arepoXaLct)or
diswov respectively. Thus, taking the sounds in A s*TX V7pfoAaeWV
the ascencding order, The interval between pdE', and 7rapacsE'Lsr is a
A 7rpooXaAacef J'AElw Vo tone. But in the smaller system /z'dro serves also
B Vin7r577 vu7raTcv for the lowest sound of the tetrachord ovmr/c/qs'vAwv,
C urwapvmrd v?7ra~Ci } TeTpadXopovY which terminates the scale, thus
D XrLXOYS A7asrC Iraraiv A E'san
F srapvca7raiT j ecv. bB rpiTm suVsy'EiuLAyVyW.
F 2Atarbs!p s rwo rd~T. pEo'CVV. C zrapa'Tr i7 rvV7Lt/EsVicOV.
A is JD viTr'q'TXrvu A,6pev'sV.
3 D 4