Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

METOECI. M.ETOPA. 761
either an alloy in general, or a particular kind of whether private or public, but was at the same
alloy), which some call opdsXaAKos; and E/eudap- time answerable (EYYUVsTrS) to the state for the
yvpos is also found about Tmolus." In all pro- conduct of his client. (Etymol. M. s. v.'A7rpoorTabability the stone here mentioned is the common iuov.) On the other hand, however, the state
zinc ore called calamine, which Pliny and other allowed the aliens to carry on all kinds of industry
writers call cadmiialm. If so, ievUipyvpos must be and commerce under the protection of the law; in
metallic zinc, and oPElXaXKos brass. For a further fact at Athens nearly all business was in the hands
discussion of this subject, into which we have not of aliens, who on this account lived for the most
space to enter, the reader is referred to Beckmann, part in the Peiraeeus. (Xen. de Vectig. c. 2, de Reep.
vol. ii. pp. 32, &c. Ath. i. 12.)
Respecting the use of metals for money, see Each family of aliens, whether they availed themNuIMsus. selves of the privilege of carrying on any mercantile
Only a few wvords are necessary on the word business or not, had to pay an annual tax (uET'oLmnetallrum in its other sense. Nearly all that is ictov or,evlcat) of twelve drachmae, or if the head
known on the subject of the Greek mines, the of the family was a widow, of only six drachmae.
mode of working them, and the revenues derived (Bdckh, Publ. Econ. iii. ~ 7; Isaeus up. iHaapofiom them is contained in Biickh's lEssay on the crat. s.. MeTO-IKtOV.) If aliens did not pay this
S'ilver Mines of Laurion appended to his Public tax, or if they assumed the right of citizens, and
Efconomy of Athens. Respecting the Roman mines, probably also in case they refused to select a pasee VECTIGALIA. [P. S.] tron, they not only forfeited the protection of the
METATO'RES. [CASTRA, p. 246, a.] state, but were sold as slaves. [AraoSTAsIou
METOECI (E'rorlcon), is the name by which, at DIrcE.] In some cases, however, though they
Athens and in' other Greek states, the resident are of rare occurrence, aliens without having the
aliens were designated, and these must be distin- isopolity, might become exempt from the IEO'iCo011o
guished from such strangers as made only a transi- (ieAseLa FECOTKLnou) as well as from other obligatory stay in a place, for Harpocration (s.v.) ex- tions. (Demosth. c. Aristocrat. p. 691; Plut. Vit.
pressly mentions as a characteristic of a ernoUKos, dec. Orat. p. 842; Demosth. c.. Aristog. p. 787;
that he resided permanently in the place. No city Suidas, s. v. METcoLKos.) Extraordinary taxes and
of Greece perhaps had such a number of resident liturgies (Elmcpopal and AeLroupyiat) devolved upon
aliens as Athens, as none afforded to strangers aliens no less than upon citizens (Demosth. c.
greater advantages and conveniences, or a more Androt. p. 612), though there must have been a
agreeable mode of living. In the census instituted difference between the liturgies performed by citiby Demetrius Phalereus (309 B. c.), the number of zens and those performed by aliens. In what this
resident aliens at Athens was 10,000, in which difference consisted is nowhere expresslymentioned,
number women and children were probably not but we have reason to believe that with the exinlcluded. (Athen. vi. p. 272.) These aliens were ception of the trierarchy and gymnasiarchy, all
persons from all parts of Greece, as well as from other liturgies might devolve upon aliens, though
Larbarous countries, such as Lydians, Phrygians, perhaps only on certain occasions, as the choregia
and Syrians, or Attic freedmen [LBERTUS at the festival of the Lenaea. (Schol. ad Aristoph.
(GaEEK)], and these people had chosen Athens Plitt. 954; compare Bickh, Publ. Econ. iv. ~ 10.)
as their adoptive country, either on account of its The extraordinary taxes (EihQropai) which aliens
resources for amusement and instruction, or on ac- had to pay, seem also in some degree to have difcount of the facilities it afforded for carrying on fered from those paid by citizens; and it is clear
mercantile business. The latter class of persons from Demosthenes (c. Androt. p. 609 and 612),
seems to have been by far the most numerous. that they were taxed higher than citizens of the
The jealousy with which the citizens of the ancient same census. The aliens were also obliged, like
Greek republics kept their body clear of intruders, citizens, to serve in the regular armies and in the
is also manifest in their regulations concerning fleet, both abroad and at home, for the defence of
aliens. IHowever long they might have resided in the city. (Xen. de VTectig. 1. c.; Thucyd. ii. 13, iv.
Athens, they were always regarded as strangers, 90; Demosth. c. Philip. i. p. 50; Thucyd. i. 143,
whence they are sometimes called ZSvoo, and to iii. 16.) Respecting those i-oTcOIot who had obremind them of their position they had on some oc- trained the irori'eAsa, see CIVITAS (GaEEKIC). The
casions to perform certain degrading services to the heirs of a jeuroecos who died in Attica, were under
Athenian citizens. Theseservices[HvaDRIsPHRIA] the jurisdiction of the polemarch. (Demosth. c.,
were however in all probability not intended to Stephs. ii. p. 1135.)
hurt the feelings of the aliens, but were simply The preceding account of the condition of the
acts symbolical of their relation to the citizens. aliens at Athens applies with very few modificaAliens were not allowed to acquire landed pro- tions to most other parts of Greece. (Compare
perty in the state they had chosen for their resi- Petitus, Le#g. Att. ii. 5. p. 246, &c.; F. A. Wolf,
dence, and were consequently obliged to live in Proleg. ad Lebptin. p. lxvi. &c.; Hermann, Polit.
hired houses or apartments (Demosth. pro Pl01re. Ant. ~ 115.) [L. S.]
p. 946; Xen. dle Vectig. ii. 2; Aristot. Oecon. ii. ME'TOPA or ME'TOPE (E~TdrrVm), the
2, 3; compare Bdckh's PTzbl. Ecosn. i. ~ 24), aind name applied to each of the spaces between the
hence the letting of houses was a subject of much triglyphs in the frieze of the Doric order, and by
speculation aid profit at Athens. As the aliens metonymy to the sculptured ornament with which
did not constitute a part of the state, and were Set those spaces were filled up. In the original
in constant intercourse and commerce with its significance of the parts the triglyplis represent
members, every alien was obliged to select a citizen the ends of the cross-beams or joists which rested
for his patron (7rpoancrdams), who was not only the on the architrave; the beds of these beams were
mediator between them and the state, through called 0bran, and hence the spaces betweeni them
whoml alone they could transact any legal business ucEriTral, (Vitniv. iv. 2. ~ 4.) Originally they