Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

LEGES JULIAE. LEGES JULTAE. 6.91
Cass. lviii. 21.) The beneficium of the lex was 49). This latter date, in favour of which various
extended to the provinces by the imperial consti- considerations preponderate, seems to be fixed
tutions. (Cod. 7. tit. 71. s. 4.) about the year B. C. 45 by a letter of Cicero (ad
CAUCARIA is the same as the LEx JULIA DE;Famr. vi. 18). Compare the tablet 1. 94, 104, as
PAPIA POPPAEA. to persons whom the lex excluded from the office
Dr, CAEDE ET VENEFICIO (Sueton. Nero, of decurio.
c. 33), perhaps the same as the Lex De Vi Pub- It seems that the lex of the year B. C. 49, which
lica. gave the civitas to the Transpadani, enacted that a
DE CIVITATE, was passed in the consulship of Roman commissioner should be sent to all the
Ls. Julius Caesar and P. Rutilius Lupus, a. c. towns for the purpose of framing regulations for
90. [CIVITAS; FOEDERATAE CIVITATES.] their municipal organization. The Lex Julia
DE FENORE, or rather De Pecuniis Mutuis or enmpowered the commissioners to continue their
Creditis (B. c. 47), passed ill the time of Julius labours for one year from the date of the lex, the
Caesar (Sueton. Coes. c. 42; Caesar, de Bell. Civil. terms of which were so extended as to comprise
iii. 1). The object of it was to make an arrange- the whole of Italy. The lex was therefore appromielt between debtors and creditors, for the satis- priately called Municipalis, as being one which
1iction of the latter. The possessiones and res established certain regulations for all municipia;
were to be estimated at the value which they had and this sense of the term municipalis must be dis.
before the civil war, and to be surrendered to the tinguished from that which merely refers to the
creditors at that value; whatever had been paid local usages or to the positive laws of any given
for interest was to be deducted from the principal. place, and which is expressed by such terms as
The result was that the creditor lost about one- Lex Municipii, Lex Civitatis, and other equivalent
fourth of his debt; but he escaped the loss, termns.
usually consequent on civil disturbance, which The name Lex Julia rests mainly onl the fact
would have been causedby Novae Tabulae. (Com- (assumed to be demonstrated) that this lex was
pare Caesar, de Bell. Civ. iii. 1, with Sueton. passed when Julius Caesar was in the possession of
Cates. c. 42.) A passage of Tacitus (Agnn. vi. 16) full power, that it is the lex referred to by Cicero,
is sometimes considered as referring to this lex, and and that it is improbable that it would have beien
sometimes to the Lex de Bonis Cedendis; but it called by any other personal appellation than that of
does not seem to refer to either of them. The Julia. It is further proved by a short inscriptionl
passage of Dion Cassius (lviii. 21. IEpl reSv found at Padua in 1696, that there was a Lex
cruvAoXaicev) seems to refer to this Lex de Mutuis Julia Municipalis; and the contents of the inscrip.Pecuniis. tion (IIi vir aediliciae. potestat. e lege. Julia
DE FUNDO DOTAL. The provisions as to the Municipali) compared with Cicero (eratque rumor
Fundus Dotalis were contained in the Lex Julia de Transpadanis eos jussos iiiI rioes creare, ad
de Adulteriis. (Gaius, ii. 63; Paulus, S. 1. ii. Att. v. 2) render it exceedingly probable that the
tit. 21. s. 2; Dig. De Fundo Dotali, 23. tit. 5. Lex Julia Municipalis of the inscription is the lex. 1i, 2, 13.) This Julia Lex was commented on by of the Table of Heraclea, and the Lex Municipalis
Papinian, Ulpian, and Paulus. [ADULrERIUAM.] of the Digest (50. tit. 9. s. 3; Cod. 7. tit. 9. s. 1;
JuDICIARIAE. The lex referred to in the Digest and Dig. 50. tit. 1. Ad.u1unicip)alemn et de Incolis).
(4. tit. 8. s. 41) by which a person under twenty (Savigny, Volksscldluss der Tcsfel von Heraclet,
years of age was not compelled to be a judex, is Zeitscel'iJt, vol. ix. p. 300, and vol. xi. p. 50, as to
probably one of the Leges Juliae Judiciariae. the passage of Sueton. Caesar. 41. The tablet is
(Gell. xiv. c. 2.) As to the other Juliae Leges printed in the work of Mazochi, Consnc. in aeneas
Judiciariae, see JUDEX. Tab. Hercel. p. 1, 2. Neap. 1754, 1755, fol., with
DE LIBERIS LEGATIONIBUS. (Cic. ad Art. xv. a commentary which contains much learning, but
11.) [LEGATUS.] no sound criticism).
MAJESTATIS. (Cic. Phil. i. 91.) The Lex JULIA ET PAPIA POPPAEA. The history of
Majestatis of the Direst (48. tit. 4) is probably a this lex is not quite clear. Augustus appears
lox of Augustus. ['IAJESTAS.] to have caused a lex to be enacted about B. c. 18;,
DE MARITANDIS ORDINIBUS,. JULItA ET which is cited as the ILex Julia de Mcaritandis
PAPIA POPPAEA.] Ordinibus (Dig. 38. tit. 11; 23. tit. 2), and is reMIUNICIPALIS, commonly called the Table of ferred to in the Carmen Seculare of Horace, which
Heraclea. In the year 1732 there were found was written in the year B. C. 17. The object of
near the Gulf of Tarentum and in the neighbour- this lex was to regulate marriages as to which it
bood of the ancient city of Heraclea, large frag- contained numerous provisions; but it appears not
ments of a bronze tablet which contained on one to have come into operation till the year B. C. 13.
side a Roman lex and on the other a Greek in. Some writers conclude from the passage in Suetoscription. The whole is now in the Museo Bor- nius (Aucgtst. 34) that this lex was rejected;
bonico at Naples. The lex contains various pro- and add that it was not enacted until A. D. 4.
visions as to the police of the city of Rome, and as In the year A. D. 9, and in the consulship of M.
to the constitution of communities of Roman citi- Papius Mutilus and Q. Poppaeus Secundus (conzens (lmunicipia, coloneae, praefecturae, fbra, con- sules szqFecti), another lex was passed as a kind of
ciliabzlae civiucn RomnanoscumL). It was accordingly amendment and supplement to the former lex, and
a lex of that kind which is called Satura. hence arose the title of Lex Julia et Papia PopIt is somewhat difficult to determine the date paea by which these two leges are often quoted;
of this lex, but there seem to be only two dates for it has been inferred from the two Leges being
which can be assumed as probable; one is the time separately cited that they were not made into one.
immediately after the Social War, or shortly after Various titles are used according as reference is. c. 89; the other is that which shortly followed made to the various provisions; sometimes the rethe admission of the Transpadani to the civitas (3. c. ference is to the Lex Julia, sometimes Papia Pop.
Y 2