Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

6v0 LEMNISCUS. LENO.
they were performed were also divided into XELTovp- wounds. (Celsus, vii. 28; Veget. dRe Re Vter. ii;
7yat WroXLmtKal, such as were incumbent upon 14 and 48, iii. 18.) [L. S.]
citizens, and AelsTovpyi1aL Twv SETOLKcw. (De- LEMURA'LIA or LEMU'RIA, a festival for
mosth. c. Lept. p. 462.) The only liturgies which the souls of the departed, which was celebrated at
are mentioned as having been performed by the Itolme every year in the mlolth of May. It lwas
uETLo KoL, are the choregia at the festival of the said to have been instituted by Romulus to apLenaea (Schol. ad As-istop. Plut. 954), and the pease the spirit of Remus whom lie had slain
eO-Tia0Ls (Ulpian, ad Demosth Lept. ~ 15), to (Ovid. ktFast. v. 473, &c.), and to have been called
which may be added the hydriaphoria and skiade- originally Remuria. It was celebrated at night
phoria. [HYDRIAPHORIA.] and in silence, and durinng three alternate da ys
That liturgies were not peculiar to Athens, has that is, on the ninth, eleventh, and thirteenth of
been shown by Bdckh (Pub. Ecton. &c. p. 299), May. Duriing this season the temples of the gods
for choregia and other liturgies are mentioned at were closed, and it was thought unlucky for women;
Siphnos (Isocrat. Aeginet. c. 17); choregia in to marry at this time and during the whole month
Aegina even before the Persian wars (Herod. v. of May, and those who ventured to mlarry were
83); in Mytilene during, the Peloponnesian war believed to die soon after, whence the proverb,
(Aintiph. de Cced. Herod. p. 744); at Thebes in mense MAGaio mclae nubent. Those who celebrated
the time of Epaminondas (Plut. Aristid. 1); at the Lemuralia, walked barefooted, washed their
Orchomenos, in Rhodes, and in several towns of hands three times, and threw nine times blatck
Asia Minor. (Compare Wolf, Prolegozm. in De- beans behind their backs, believing by this cere-?nosth. Lept. p. lxxxvi. &c.; Wachsmuth, vol. ii. p. mony to secure themselves against the Iemnures.
92, &c.) [L. S.] (Varro, Vita pop. Rom. Fresqm. p. 241, ed.
LEMBUS, a skiff or small boat, used for carry- Bipont; Servius, ad Aen. i. 276.) As regards
ing a person from a ship to the shore. (Planut. the solenmnities on each of the three dlays, we only
llferc. i. 2. 81, ii. 1. 35.) The name was also know that on the second there were gaines in the
given to the light boats which were sent ahead of circus in honour of Mars (Ovid. Fast. v. 597), and
a fleet to obtain informlation of the enemy's move- that on the third day the images of the thirty
ments. (Isidor. Orig. xix. 1; Liv. xxxi. 45, xlv. Argei, made of rushes, were thrown from the pons
10.) Pliny (H. N. vii. 56. s. 57) attributes their sublicius into the Tiber by the Vestal virgins.
invention to the inhabitants of Cyrene. (Ovid. Fast. v. 621; Fest. s. v. Depontani; colnLEMNISCUS (Ahverv'tcos). This wrord is said pare ARuEI.) Oil thle same day there was a feeto have originally been used only by the Syracu- tival of the merchants (festleum mer1'toruin, Ovid.
sans. (HIesych. s. v.) It signified a kind of co- Fast. v. 670, &c.), probably because on this day
loured ribbon whicll hung down from crowns or the temple of Mercury had been dedicated in the
diadems at the back part of the head. (Fest. s. v.) year 495 a.c. (Liv. ii. 21.) On this occasion the
The earliest crowns are said to have consisted of merchants offered up incense. and by means of a
wool, so that we have to conceive the lemniscus as laurel-branch sprinkled themselves and their goods
ai ribbon wound around the wool in such a manner with water from the well of Mercury at the Porta
that the two ends of the ribbon, where they met, Capena, hoping thereby to make their business
were allowed to hang down. See tile represent;l- prosper. [L. S.]
tions of the corona obsidionalis and civica in p. LEMURES. See Diet. of CGr. acnid Rome. Bio359, where the lemnisci not only appear as a mealns graplpy and AlfItholoy..
to keep the little branches of the crowns together, LENAEA. [DI)oNYVSIA, p. 411, 1.]
but also serve as an ornament. From the remark LENO, LENOCITNIUM. Lenocinium is
of Servius (ad Aen. v. 269) it appears that coronae defined by Ulpian (Dig. 3. tit. 2. s. 4) to be the
adorned with lemnisci were a greater distinction keeping of female slaves for prostitution and the
than those without them. This serves to explain profits of it; anld it was also lenocimlitum if gain
an expression of Cicero (poalina lemzniscata, pro was made in; the like way by mlans of free women.
Rose. Anz. 35) where palima means a victory, and Some lenones kept brothels (lipa(naria) or open
the epithet lenlniscata indicates the contrary of houses for plrostitution. This trade was not forinfamis, and at the saime time implies an honour- bidden, but the praetor's edict attached infaimia to
able as well as lucrative victory. (Comp. Auson. such persons [INFAMIA]. In the time of Caligllla
Epist. xx. 5.) (Sueton. C'al. 40, and the notes in Burmann's
It seems that lemnisci were also worn alone and ed.), a tax -was laid on lenones. Theodosius and
without being connected with crowns, especiallyN by Valentinianl endeavoured to prevent parents finon
ladies, as an ornament for the head. (Ilin. It.N. xxi. prostituting their children and masters their female
3.) To show honour and admiration for a person, slaves by severe penalties; and they forbad the
flowers, garlands, and lemnisci were sometimes practice of lenocininm under pain of corporal
showered upon him while he walked in public. punlishmenmt, and banishmnent from tile city, and so
(Casaub. ad Suet. Ner. 25;. Liv. xxxiii. 19.) forth. Justinian (Nov. 14) also attempted to put
Lemnisci seem originally to have been made of down all lenlocinium by banishing lenones from the
wool, and afterwards of the finest kiinds of bast city, and by making the owners of houses, who
(philyrae, Plin. HI. N. xv. 14); but during the allowed prostitution to be carried on inl them,
latter period of the republic the wealthy Crassus liable to forfeit thle houses and to pay ten pounids
not only made the foliage or leaves of crowns of of gold: those who by trickery or force got girls
thin sheets of gold and silver, but tile lemlisci into their possession and gave them np to prostitillikewise; and P. Claudius Puleher embellished the tion were punished with the " extreme penalties;"
metal lemnisci with works of art in relief anId with but it is not said what these extreme penalties
inscriptions. (Plin. I. N. xxi. 3.) were. This Novella contains curious matter.
The word lemniscus is used by medical writers The Ioex Julia de Adulteriis defined the lenr.
in tile signlification of a kind of linimeent applied to cinium which that lex prohibited (I)ig. 48. tit. 6,