Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

628 ILLUSTRES. IMPERIUM.
of this harsh admonition, some walls or pavements means of procurators. (Cod. Theod. 6. tit. 6, &c.,
exhibited the smore gracious SALVE or XAIPE. with the commentary of Gothofred; Walter, Gesch(Plat. ChLarm. p. 94, ed. Heindorf.) The appro- ichte des RIonischen Rechts, ~ 380, 2nd ed.; Gibbon,
priate names for the portion of the house immedi- Decline and Fall, c. 17. vol. iii. p. 34, London,
ately behind the door (;fvpc6v, Soph. Oed. Tyr. 1797.)
1242, Elect. 328), denotes that it was a kind of IMA'GINUM JUS. [NoBILES.]
apartment; it corresponded to the hall or lobby of IMA'GO, the representation or likeness of any
our houses. Immediately adjoining it, and close object, is derived from the root iml or sirn, which
to the front door, there was in many houses a appears in imi-itari and sim-ilis, and likewise in
small room for the porter (cella, or cellulajanitoris, the Greek 06,-cl. (" Imago ab imitatione dicta,"
Sueton. Vitell. 16; Varro, de Re Rust. i. 13; Festus, s. v.; IsImago dicitur quasi imnitago," PorDuvpcpe7ov, Pollux, i. 77). [J. Y.] phyr. ad lior. Cars. i. 12. 4.) It was especially
-ATRALIPTA, IATRALIPTES, or 1A- applied among the Romans to indicate the waxen
TROALIPTES (ZarpaAheaLrTs), the name given busts of deceased ancestors, which distinguished
by the ancients to a physician who paid particular Romans kept in the atria of their houses, and of
attention to that part of medical science called which an account is given in the article NOBILES.
Igttraliptice. The name is compounded of laTpls The word is also used in general to signify a porand aXefbpw, and signifies literally a physician that trait or statue of a person; on both of which
cures by anointing. According to Pliny (H. N. some remarks are made under PICTURA, No. XV.
xxix. 2), they were at first only the slaves of phy- and STATUARIA, No. II.
sicians, but afterwards rose to the rank of physicians I'MBRICES. [TEGULA.]
themselves, and were therefore superior to the IMMUNITAS (from inl and mantus), signifies,
aliptae. [ALIPTAE.] The word occurs in Paulss 1. A freedom from taxes. 2. A freedom from serAegineta (De Re Re ed. iii. 47), Celsus (De Medic. vices which other citizens had to discharge. With
i. 1) and other medical writers. [W. A. G.] respect to the first kind of immunitas we find that
IATRUS (iaTrpos). [MEDICUS] the emperors frequently granted it to separate
IATROSOPI-ISTA ('iarpoo-oplar*s), an an- persons (Suet. Aug. 40), or to certain classes of
cient medical title, signifying apparently (according persons, or to whole states. When'granted to
to Du Cange, Glossar. illed.t et. If2. Graecit.) one individuals the immunitas ceased with their
who both taught medicine and also practised it death, but in the case of states the privilege conhimself; as the ancients made a distinction be- tiined to subsequent generations. (Dig. 50. tit.
tween SLlaocKaXuit and E'pyaTLs, the art and the 15. s. 4. ~ 3.) Thus we find that certain people
science of medicine, the theory and the practice. in Illrria had immunitas from taxes (Liv. xlv.
(Damascius icz vita Isidori.) Eunapius Sardianus 26), and that the emperor Claudius grantedfireedom
(De Vit. Philosoph. et Sophist. p. 168, ed. Antwerp. from taxation in peTpetuuc, to the inhabitants of
1568) calls them E'qr(rKeCciovs AXyne'v TE ical Ilium. (Suet. Claud. 25.) The Roman soldiers
groerv larpLtciw. The word is somewhat varied in from the time of Nero were exempt from all duties
different authors. Socrates (Hist. Eccles. vii. 13) on goods which they might carry into the procalls Adamantius a-rplrtc, Xdywo'.ce~epmor. Ste- vinces for their own use or might purchase in any
phanus Byzantinus (s. v. Pra) mentions'wv place. (Tac. AcIn. xiii. 51; Cod. 4. tit. 61. s. 3.)
iaerpwv aoolori's; Callisthenes (quoted in Du The second kind of immunitas was granted to all
Cange), rlarpbs oolTcirs:s: and Theophanes (ibid.) persons who had a valid excuse (earcusatio) to be,eopiLorTs TrOs laTcpLKOS Ertrpu7js. Several ancient released from such services, and also to other perphysicians are called by this title, e. g. Magnes sons as a special favour. Under the republic, public
(Theoph. Protospath. De U'inis), Cassius, the offices were objects of ambition, and consequently
author of " Quaestiones Medicne et Naturales," there was no difficulty in obtaining persons to disand others. [W.A. G.] charge them even when they were attended with
IDUS. [CALENDARIUaQe ROMAN.] expense to the individual who held thelms. But
JENTAcCULUM. [CoENA-, p. 306, a.] under the empire the case became different. Many
IGNO'BILES. [NosILEs.] offices which entailed expenses, such, for instance,
IGNOMI'NIA. [INFAAIIA.] as that of the decuriones in the municipia, were
ILE (Y'TA). [ExnECITUS, p. 488, b.] avoided rather than sought after; and hence various
ILLUSTRES. When Constantine the Great regulations were made at different times to define
re-organized the Roman administration, he divided the classes of persons who were entitled to exthe principal magistrates and officials into three emption. (Comp. Dig. 50. tit. 6; Cod. 10. tit. 47
classes: — 1. The Illustres, who held the first rank; and 48.) The definition of immunitas in this sense
2. The Spectabiles; and 3. The clarissicmzi. The is given by Paulus (Dig. 50. tit. 16. s. 18): -
title of illa7stres belonged only to the Consules, the " Munus - onus, quod cum remittatur, vacationem
Patricii, the Praefectus praetorio, the Praefectus militiae munerisque praestat, inde imcmunzitatecm apurbi, the Praepositus sacri cubiculi, the Magistri pellari." The immunitas might be either general,
militum, the Magister officiorum, the Quaestor sacri from all services which a citizen owed to the state,
palatii, the Comes sacrarum largitionumm, and the orspecial, such asfrom military service [ExERcITTs,
Comes rerum privatarum. Even among the Illustres p. 499], from taking the office of tutor or guardian
there was a gradation of rank, the Consuls and [TuToR], and the like.
Patricii being regarded as higher in dignity than the IMPE/NDIUM. [FEN us, p. 526, b.]
others. The titles Sub limissicmi, E acelleizzissici, and IMPERATI'VAE FERIAE. [FERIAE.]
Magnifici are used as synonymous with Illustres. IMPERA'TOR. [IsMPERIUM.]
Among the privileges of the Illustres we read that IMPE'RIUM. Gaius (iv. 103), when making
in criminal cases they could only be tried by the a division of judicia into those Quae Legitimllo
emperor himself or by an imperial commission, jure consistunt, and those Quae Imnperio contiand that they could mappemar before the courts by nentur, observes that the latter are so called