Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

622 HYBREOS GRAPHE. HYDRAULA.
conducted by a Xopowroils (Xen. Agesil. 2. 17), in serious, for the loss of his services [BLABES DInKer
which some of their national songs (e7riXcptap in a private lawsuit. (Meier, Att. Proc. p. 326.)
e7rotlna7ra) were sung. During the songs of these These two last-mentioned actions might also be rechoruses dancers performed some of the ancient sorted to by a free citizen when similarly outraged
and simple movements with the accompaniment of in his own person, if he were more desirous of obthe flute and the song. The Spartan and Amy- taining compensation for the wrong, than the mere
claean maidens, after this, riding in chariots made punishment of the wrongdoer, as the penalty inof wicker-work (icamaOpa), and splendidly adorned, curred by the defendant in the public prosecution
performed a beautiful procession. Numerous sacri- accrued to the state and not to the plaintiff: A
fices were also offered on this day, and the citizens fine also of a thousand drachmae, forfeited by the
kept open house for their friends and relations; and prosecutor upon his relinquishing his suit or failing
even slaves were allowed to enjoy themselves. to obtain the votes of a fifth of the dicasts, may
(Didymus, ap. At/len. iv. p. 139.) One of the fa- have contributed to render causes of this kind less
vourite meals on this occasion was called cowris, frequent, and partly account for the circumstance
and is described by Molpis (ap. Athlen. iv. p. 140) that there are no speeches extant upon this subject.
as consisting of cake, bread, meat, raw herbs, broth, If, however, the case for the prosecution was both
figs, dessert, and the seeds of lupine. Some ancient strong and clear, the redress afforded by the public
writers, when speaking, of the Hyacinthia, apply action was prompt and efficient. Besides the legito the whole festival such epithets as can only be timate protectors of women and children, any
used in regard to the second day; for instance, Athenian citizen in the enjoyment of his full franwhen they call it a merry or joyful solemnity. chise might volunteer an accusation: the declarMacrobius (Saturn. i. 11) states that the Amyclae- ation was laid before the thesmothetae, who, exans wore chaplets of ivy at the HIyacinthia, which cept it were hindered by extraordinary public busican only be true if it be understood of the second ness, were bound not to defer the trial before the
day. The incorrectness of these writers is how- Heliaea beyond a month. The severity of the
ever in some degree excused by the fact, that the sentence extended to confiscation or death; and if
second day formed the principal part of the festive the latter were awarded, the criminal was executed
season, as appears from the description of Didy.. on the same day: if a fine were imposed upon him
mils, and as may also be inferred from Xenophons he was allowed but eleven days for its payment,
(Iellen. iv. 5. ~ 11; compare Agesil. 2. 17), who and, if the object of his assault were a free person,
makes the paean the principal part of the Hya- he was imprisoned till the claim of the state was
cinthia. The great importance attached to this liquidated. (Dem. 1. c.; Aeschin. c. Timzarch. p.
festival by the Amyclaeans and Lacedaemonians 41.) [J. S. M.]
is seen from the fact, that the Amyclaeans, even HYDRA'LETA. [MoLA.]
when they had taken the field against an enemy, HYDRAULA (h6paAkrls), an organist. Acalways returned home on the approach of the cording to an author quoted by Athenaeus (iv. 75
season of the Hyacinthia, that they might not be compare Plin. H. N. vii. 38), the first organist
obliged to neglect its celebration (Xen. Hellen. iv. was Ctesibius of Alexandria, who lived about B. c.
5. ~ 11; Paus. iii. 10. ~ 1), and that the Lacedae- 200. He evidently took the idea of his organ
monians on one occasion concluded a truce of forty from the SYRaNX or Pandean pipes, a musical
days with the town of Eira, merely to be able to instrument of the highest antiquity among the
return home and celebrate the national festival Greeks. His object being to employ a row of
(Paus. iv. 19. ~ 3); and that in a treaty with pipes of great size, and capable of emitting the
Sparta, B. C. 421, the Athenians, in order to show most powerful as well as the softest sounds, he contheir good-will towards Sparta, promised every trived the means of adapting keys with levers
year to attend the celebration of the Hyacinthia. (a&ycwo'aicoi), and with perforated sliders (Wrcyara),
(Thucyd. v. 23.) [L. S.] to open and shut the mouths of the pipes (-yAcoo-'HY'ALUS. [VITRUM.] Ko/la), a supply of wind being obtained, without
HYBREOS GRAPHE (vUpeWcs ypae(p). This intermission, by bellows, in which the pressure of
action was the principal remedy prescribed by the water performed the same part which is fulfilled in
Attic law for wanton and contumelious injury to the modern organ by a weight. On this account
the person, whether in the nature of indecent (ar' the instrument invented by Ctesibius was called
alXpovpylias) or other assaults (&ra& 7rkqy/c?). If the water-organ (vi3pavAhs, Athen. 1. c.; iapauAtthe offence were of the former kind, it would al- tcIy hp ydroi, Hero, Spirit.; hIydraulicca smac/ina,
ways be available when the sufferer was a minor Vitruv. x. 13; Schneider, ad loc.; Drieberg, die
of either sex (for the consent of the infant was pneunm. EsfiMdungee n des' Griecl/en, pp. 53-61;
immaterial), or when an adult female was forcibly lhydraulzvs, Plin. H. N. ix. 8; Cic. Tusc. iii. 18).
violated: and this protection was extended to all Its pipes were partly of bronze (XaXn eCai &pompa,
conditions of life, whether bond or free. (Dem. c. Jul. Imp. in Brunck's. nal. ii. 403; seges au'na,
lreid. p. 529. 15.) The legalrepresenItative (c,'ptos), Claud. de Meall. Tlteod. Cons. 316), and partly of
however, of such person might, if he pleased, con- reed. The number of its stops, and consequently of
sider the injury as a private rather than a piublic its rows of pipes, varied from one to eight (Vitruv.
wrong, and sue for damages in a civil action.. c.), so that Tertullian (de Anigza, 14) describes
[BiAIoN DIKE.] With respect to common as- it with reason as an exceedingly complicated insaults, a prosecution of this kind seems to have strument. It continued in use so late as the ninth
been allowable only when the object of a w-anton century of our era: in the year 826, a water-organ
attack was a free person (Aristot. Rl/et. ii. 24), as was erected by a Venetian in the church of Aquisthe essence lay in its contumely, and a slave could granum, the modern Aix-la-Chapelle. (Quix,
incur no degradation by receiving a blow, though nllzster-kirc/he isz Aac/ien, p. 14.)
the injury, if slight, ismight entitle the master to The organ was well adapted to gratify the Rorecover damages for the battery (aclida), or, ifl man people in the splendid entertainments provided