Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

HOMORI. I-ONORES. 613
the empsnerors (Sueton. Azug. 74), and were occa- - latter those who through having no land were unsionally allowed also to play in the theatres before able to do so. (Comp. Arist. Pol. ii. 6. ~ 21, ii.
the people (publicabantur). In the Digest (3. tit. 2. 7. ~ 4.) Those persons likewise, who did not
s. 1) we read that all actors were infamous. From adopt the Spartan mode of life or had disgraced
the time of Tacitus the word histrio was used as themselves by any base act, were also reduced to
sylonymous with pantomimus. (,B'tticher, Lex. the condition of baroepioves, even if they possessed.
Tacit. p. 233.) the requisite landed property (Xen. de Rep. Lac.
IRespecting the ordinary pay which common x. 4. s. 7; Plut. Inst. Lac. 21; Teles. ap. Stob.
actors received during the time of the republic no- Floril. xl. p. 233); but as the severity of the antillng is known. The pay itself was called lucar cient Spartan lmanners decayed, the possession of
(Tacit. A47nal. i. 77; Plut. Quacest. Rozl. p. 2835, c.; property becalle the chief test to a place aimong
Festus, s. vv. Izcar and pecunia); which word was the Honloei. The Homoei were the ruling class
perhaps confined originallyto the payment made to in the state, and they obtained possession of
those who took part in the religious services cele- almost all the privileges and exclusive rights whicih
heated il groves. In the times of the empire it the legislation of Lycurgus conferred upon theii
seems that five denarii (Senec. Etpist. 80), or, ac- Spartan citizens. They filled all the public ofli(es
cordmig to others (Lucian. Icearomez. c. 29), seven of the state with the exception of the Ephoralty,
drachmae, was the common pay for a histrio for and they probably met together to determine upon
one performance. Several emperors found it neces- public affairs under the name of EKKtXrTOI in all
sary to restrict the practice of giving immoderate assembly of their own, which is called i.7 btLcpc
sums to actors. (Tacit. 1. c.; Suet. Tib. 34.) The.c:slrrtla, to distinguish it firom the assembly of
emperor M. Antoninus, who was fond of all his- the whole body of Spartan citizens. (Hernimaii,
trioiic arts, ordained that every actor should re- Lesrs. d. Gsriec/. Stactsalttet7h. ~ 47; Id. de C'onceive five aurei, and that no one who gave or con- ditione atque Orisinc eorszn qui Ilonoei ap. Laced,
ducted theatrical representations should exceed the diceblnturl, Maburg, 1832; Schbmann, Antiq
sum of ten aurei. (,Jul. Capitol. l. Alnton. c. 11; Jui. sPub/. Graec p. 119.)
compare Schol. ad Juvenal. vii. 243.) But it is HONORA'RIA ACTIO. [AcTIO.]
not clear whether in this regulation the payment HONORA'RII LUDI. [LuDI.]
for one or more performances is to be understood. IIONO1RA'RIUM. [ADVOCATUS; LEX
These sums were either paid by those who en- CINCIA.]
gaged the actors to play for the amusement of the HONORA'RIUM JUS. [EDICTUM.i]
people, or from the fiscus. (Lipsius, Excurs. N. ad HONO;RES. Cicero (Top. c. 20) speaks of the
Tacit. Annalt. i.) Besides their regular pay, how- " honores- populi," and Horace (Serm. i. 6. 5)
ever, skilfull histriones received from the people speaks of the populus
gold and silver crowns which were given or thrown "qui stultus honore
to them upon the stage. (Phaedr. F1lab. v. 7. 36; Saepe dat indignis."t
Plin. H. N. xxi. 3.) [L. S.]
HODOPOEI (losorotoi), public officers at In both passages the word "'honores" means the
Athens, who had to take care of the roads (oh high offices of the state to which qualified indii8sv n7rthpEAlrTar, Phot. Lex. s. v.) They are men- viduals were called by the votes of the Roman
tioned in the fragment of a comic poet of the time citizens. Cicero calls the quaestorship "honor"
of Pericles (Plut. Praec. Pol. c. 15); but in the (see also Liv. vi. 39); and the words "magistratus"
timle of Aeschines their duties were discharged by and "' honores " are sometimes coupled together.
the managers of the Theoric fund. (Aesch. c. The capacity of enjoying the honores was one of the
Ctes. p. 419, Reiske; comp. Bbckh, Publ. Econ. of distinguishing marks of citizenship. [CivI'As.]
Athens, p. 203, 2nd ed.) In Sulla's proscription (Vell. Pat. ii. 28), there
I1OLOSE'RICA VESTIS. [SERICUAr.] was a clause that the children of the proscribed
I1OLOSPHY'RATON, 1-IOLOSPHYRE'- "'petendorum honorumn jure prohiberentur."
LATA. [MALLEUS; M1ETALLA.] There appears to be no exact definition of honor
HOMOEI (3,uoioi), the Equals, were those earlier than in the jurists whose writings are exSparltans who possessed the full rights of citizen- cerpted in the Digest. " Honor municipalis'" is
ship, and are opposed to the sroueisoes, or those defined to be " administratio reipublicae cum digwho had undergone some kind of civil degrada- nitatis gradu, sive curm sumptu, sive sine erogation. (Xen. de Rep. Laced. x. 4. s. 7, iiellen. iii. tione contingens." Munus was either publiculm
3. ~ 5; Arist. Pol. ii. 6. ~ 21.) This distinction or privatum. A publicusn munus was concerned
betwveen the citizens was no part of the ancient about adlninistration (in a inistranda repullltica),
Spartan constitution, and is not mentioned by any and was attended with cost (sumptus) but not
writer before Xenophon; and Aristotle simply with rank (dignitas). " Honor" was properly said
makes a later institution applicable to an early' defcrri," "dari;" munus was said "imponi."
time, when he speaks of the Partheniae as belong- Cicero (de Or. i. 45) uses the phrase " honoribus
ing to the Hoinoei (Pol. v. 6. ~ 1). In the in- et reipublicae muneribus perfunctum," to signify
stitution ascribed to Lycurgus, every citizen had a one who has attained all the honours that his state
certain portion of land; but as in course of time can give, and discharged all the duties which can
many citizens lost their lands through various be required from a citizen. A person who held a
causes, they were unable to contribute to the ex-. magstratus llight be said to discharge munera,
penses of the syssitia, and therefore ceasod to but only as incident to the office (magnificentissimno
possess the full rights of Spartan citizens. HIence 2nunere aedilitatis peifun2ctus, Cic. ad Fc17n. xi. 17),
the distinction appears to have arisen between the for the office itself was the honor. Such mranera
6g/oLot and 67ropLeo,'es, the former being those who as these were public games and other thirgs of
were in the possession of their land, and conse- the kind. (Dig. 50. tit. 4. DLe 2Muleritzus et IHo.
quently able to contribute to the syssitia, the zorib5s.) [G. [i.]
aR3R