Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

608 HIiPPODAMEIA. H-IIPPODROMTUS.
IIILA'RIA (Ihdppa) seems originally to have designed by Hippodamlus, and its market-place
been a name which was given to any day or sea- was called'Ihrrorduefa aiyopa (HIarpocr. s. v.).
son of rejoicing. The hilaria were, therefore, ac- Hippodamus flourished during the second half of
cording to Maximus Monachus (Sc/lol. ad Dioays. the fifth century B. c. (See Dict. of Biog. art.
Asreopag. Egoist. 8) either private or public. Among Hippodanmus; MUller, A sc/iiol. d. Kunst, ~
the formel he reckons the day on which a person 1l1.) [P. S.]
married, and on which a son was born; among the HIPPO'DROMUS (iwrrrd3poaoY) was the name
latter, those days of public rejoicings appointed by by which the Greeks designated the place approa new emperor. Such days were devoted to gene- priated to the horse-races, both of chariots and of
ral rejoicings and public sacrifices, and no one was single horses, which formed a part of their gaines.
allowed to show any symptoms of grief or sorrow. The word was also applied to the races themselves.
But the Romans also celebrated hilaria, as a The mode of fighting from chariots, as described
feria stativa, on the 25th of March, in honour of by Homer, involves the necessity of much previous
Cybele, the mother of the gods (Macrob. Saot. i. practice; and the funeral games in honour of
21); and it is probably to distinguish these hilaria Patroclus present us with an example of the
from those mentioned above, that Lampridins chariot-race, occupying the first and most important
(Alexand. Sever-. c. 37) calls them I-Hlaria Alatsris place in those games. (Il. xxiii. 262-650.) In
Deum. The day of its celebration was the first this vivid description the nature of the contest and
after the vernal equinox, or the first day of the the arrangements for it are very clearly indicated.
year which was longer than the night. Thewinter There is no artificially constrncted hippodrome;
with its gloom had passed away, and the first day but an existing land-mark or monument (0crrua,
of a better season was spent in rejoicings. (Flav. 331) is chosen as the goal (rEpoa), round which
Vopise. Aurelian. c. 1.) The manner of its cele- the chariots had to pass, leaving it on the left hand
bration during the time of the republic is unknown, (336), and so returning to the Greek ships on the
except that Valerius Maximus (ii. 4. ~ 3) mentions sea-shore, from which they had started (365).
-games in honour of the mother of the gods. Re- The course thus marked out was so long, that the
specting its celebration at the time of the empire, goal, which was the stump of a tree, could only be
we learn froli Herodian (i. 10, 11) that, among clearly seen by its having two white stones leaning
other things, there was a solemn procession, in against it (327 —329), and that, as the chariots
which the statue of the goddess was carried, and return, the spectators are uncertain which is first
before this statue were carried the most costly (450, &c.: the passage furnishes a precedent for
specimens of plate and works of art belonging betting at a horse-race, 485). The ground is a
either to wealthy Romans or to the emperors them- level plain (330), but with its natural inequalities,
selves. All kinds of games and amusements were which are sufficient to mnake the light chariots leap
allowed on this day; masquerades were the most friom the ground (369, 370), and to threaten an
prominent among them, and every one might, in overthrow where the earth was broken by a
his disgruise, imitate whomsoever he liked, and winter torrent, or a collision in the narrow hollow
even magistrates. way thus formed (419-447). The chariots were
The hilaria were in reality only the last day of five in number, each with two horses and a single
a festival of Cybele, which commenced on the 22d driver (288, &c.); who stood upright in his
of March, and was solellnised by the Galli with chariot (370).
various mysterious rites. (Ovid, Fast. iv. 337, &c.) In a race of this nature, success would obviously
It must, however, be observed that the hilaria are depend quite as much on the courage and skill of
neither mentioned in the Roman calendar nor in the driver as on the speed of the horses; a fact
Ovid's Fasti. [L. S.] which Homer represents Nestor as impressing upon
JIILAROTRAGOE'DIA. [TRaC-OEDIA.] his son Antilochus in a speech which fully exHIMATION (4sdrTLov). [PALLIsUA]. plains the chief stratagems and dangers of the
HIPPARCHUS. [ExEmRCITUS, p. 487, a.] contest, and is nearly as applicable to the chariot
IIIPPARMOSTES. [EXERCITUS, p. 483, b.] races of later times as to the one described by
HI'PPICON (1i7rrLKcd, sc. rT-iLMov), a Greek Homer (305-318). At starting, it was necessary
mreasure of distance, equal to four stadia. Accord- so to direct the horses as, on the one hand, to avoid
ing to Plutarch it was mentioned in the laws of the loss of time by driving wide of the straightest
Solon (Plut. Sol. 23). Hesychius also mentions course, and on the other not to incur the risk of a
it under the name of'Ir7remos apo'Aos. (Comp. collision in the crowd of chariots, nor to malke so
IIIPPODROMUS; STADIUM.) [P. S.] straight for the goal as to leave insufficient room to
I-IPPO'BOTAE (r'rosgd'ra), the feeders of turn it. Here was the critical point of the race,
horses, was the name of the nobility of Chalcis in to turn the goal as sharp as possible, with the nave
Euboea, corresponding to the m7r7re7s in other Greek of the near wheel almost grazing it, and to do this
states. On the conquest of the Chalcidians by the safely: very often the driver was here thrown out,
Athenians in B. c. 506, these Hippobatae were and the chariot broken in pieces'(334-343, 465
deprived of their lands, and 4000 Athenian cleruchi -468). There was another danger at this point,
sent to take possession of them. (Herod. v. 77, which deserves particular notice as connected with
vi. 100; Strab. x. p. 447; Plut. Pericl. 23; the arrangements of the hippodrome of later times
Aelian, V. M. vi. 1.) [COLONIA, p. 314, a.] As the horse is a very timid animal, it can easily
HIPPODAMEIA (s7r-ro/id,;mea, sc. 4Gpya), is an be understood that the noise and crush of many
adcjective derived from the name of the architect chariots turning the goal together, with the addiH-lippodamus of Miletus, who is said to have been
the first of the Greeks who built whole cities on a X But Nestor complains of having been once
regular architectural plan; and hence the word is beaten by twvo brothers driving at once, the one
applied to such cities, and to the public places and mainaging the reins and the other plying the whip
buildings in them. Peiraeeus, for example, was (638-642).