Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

IIENDECA. IERAEA. 593
IEMIOBI O'LION, IHEMIO'BOLUS. [OBO- The Eleven are also said to have possessed i/yeLUS]. yortvia 3&ao-rlpso v in the case of confiscated proHEMIPO'DION. [PEs]. perty (Etymnol. llbag. p. 338. 35), which statement
HEMISTATER. [STATER]. is confirmed by an inscription published by Bbckh
HEMIXESTON. [SEXTARIUS]. (Urklunden iiber das Seezesen des Attischen Slaates,
HE/NDECA, HOI, (oe E'sV3eca,) the Eleven, p. 535). (Uilrich, Ueber die Elf Miinner, apwere magistrates at Athens of considerable im- pended to his translation of Plato's Meno, Crito,
portance. They are always called by this name in and the first and second Alcibiades, Berlin, 1821;
the classical writers; but in the time of Demetrius Sluiter, Lectiones Andocid. pp. 256-261; Meier,
Phalereus, their name is said to have been changed Att. Proc. pp. 68-77; Schubert, de Aedilibus,
into that of vo[opSvAatces (Pollux, viii. 102), who pp. 93-96; Hermann, LeZhrb. der Griechl. Stclatswere, however, during the democracy distinct funi- alterth. ~ 139.)
tionaries. [NomoPHYsLACES.] The grammarians HEPHAESTAEA. [LEAMPADErPno RIa.]
also give other names to the Eleven, as 6eoplotS- HERAEA ('Hpa7a) is the name of festivals
AaKes, aoEueoU0oSAaKtes, &c. (Schol. ad Asritoph. celebrated in honour of I-Iera in all the towns of
I'Putt. 277, Vesp. 775, 1108.) Greece where the worship of this divinity was inThe time at which the office of the Eleven was troduced. The original seat of her worship, from
instituted is disputed. Ullrich considers the office which it spread over the other parts of Greece, was
to have been of an aristocratical character, and Argos; whence her festivals in other places were,
concludes from a passage in Heraclides Ponticus more or less, imitations of those which were cele(i. ~ 10) that it was established by Aristeides. brated at Argos. (Muller, Doe. ii. 10. ~ 1.) The
Meier, on the other hand, maintains that the office Argives had three temples of Hera; one lay beexisted not only before the time of Cleisthenes, tween Argos and Mycenae, 45 stadia from Argos;
hut probably before the legislation of Solon; but it the second lay on the road to the acropolis, and near
seems impossible to come to any satisfactory con- it was the stadium in which the games and conclusion on the subject. They were annually chosen tests at the IHeraea were held (Paus. ii. 24. ~ 2);
by lot, one from each of the ten tribes, and a the third was in the city itself (Pans. ii. 22. ~ 1).
secretary (ypaJluaTress ), who must properly be re- Her service was performed by the most distingarded as their servant (mvr7rpE7'/s), though he guished priestesses of the place; one of them was
formed one of their number. (Pollux, viii. 102.) the high-priestess, and the Argives counted their
The principal duty of the Eleven was the care years by the date of her office. (Thucyd. ii. 2.)
and management of the public prison (seayeuWrTptov) The Heraea of Argos were celebrated every fifth
[CAIncEc], which was entirely under their jurist year, and, according to the calculation of Biickh
diction. The prison, however, was seldom used (Ablandl. der Berl. Akad. vons 1818-19, p. 92,
by the Athenians as a mere place of confinement, &c.) in the middle of the second year of every
se:rving generally for punishments and executions. Olympiad. One of the great solemnities which
When a person was condemned to death he wvas took place on the occasion, was a magnificent proimmediately given into the custody of the Eleven, cession to the great temple of Hera, between Argos
who were then bound to carry the sentence into and Mycenae. A vast number of young men -for
execution according to the laws. (Xen. Iell. the festival is called a pamiegyris — assembled at
ii. 3. ~ 54.) The most common mode of execution Argos, and marched in armour to the temple of the
was by hemlock juice (KCreors), which was drunk goddess. They were preceded by one hundred
after sunset. (Plat. Plaed. cc. 65, 66.) The oxen (trca d/uC~-u, whence the festival is also called
Eleven had under them jailors, executioners, and iEcaiCatr)a). The high-priestess accompanied this
torturers, who were called by various names (o2 procession, riding in a chariot drawn by two white
7rapaorrTral, Bekker, AAnecd. p. 296. 32; 6'ra oxen, as we see from the story of Cleobis and
E'vserca t7rrJpEm-,?s, Xen. thell. ii. 3. ~ 54; 6 o&d- u-Biton related by Herodotus (i. 31) and Cicero
reonros, Antiph. De Venef. 615; o 3i/nroos, or (Tuscul. i. 47). The hiundred oxen were sacrificed,
4i/oxs, &c.). W~hen torture was inflicted in and their flesh distributed among all the citizens,
causes affecting the state9 it was either done in (Schol. ad Pind. 01.. vi.. 152, and ad Nemn. x. 39.)
the immediate presence of the Eleven (Dem. c. The sacrifice itself wes called AeXipsa (Hesych.
Nlicost. p. 1254. 2) or by their servant (56 altuos). s. v.) or " the bed of twigs." (Comp. Welcker
The Eleven usually only had to carry into on Se,7lweenck's E/ynologsise s ssAndceutungen, p. 268.)
execution the sentence passed in the courts of law The games and contests of the Heraea took place in
and the public assemblies; but in some instances the stadium, near the temple on the road to the
they possessed an iyepstomVoa atKaos'wpiou. This was acropolis. A brazen shield was fixed in a place
the case in those summary proceedings called &7ra- above the theatre, which was scarcely accessible to
7yWeoy, ElPiYd7/lms, and E'VEImtr, in which the penalty any one, and the young man who succeeded in
was fixed by law, anid might be inflicted by the pulling it down received the shield and a, garland
court on the confession or conviction of the accused of myrtle as a prize. Hence Pindar (NeTeL. x.
without appealing to any of the jury courts. They 41) calls the contest &Yciv XdAKscos. It seems that
also had an i7yeoLovia &lcaoTlpLov in the case of this contest took place before the procession went
acsOmp'Oy, because the smmary proceedings men- out to the Heraeon, for Strabo (viii. p. 556) states
tioned above were chiefly adopted in the case of such that the victor went with his prizes in solemn propersons: hence Antiphon (de Caede lierod. p. 713) cession to that temple. This contest was said to
calls them ElrqtuA717ai T-CO KaKompeywv. The have been instituted, according to some traditions,
word KaceoUpyot properly means any kind of male- by Acrisius and Proetus (Aelian, V. H. iii. 24),
factors, but is only applied in Athenian law to according to others by Arclinus. (Schol. ad Pind.
thieves (icAEsrra), house-breakers (TsoXPoXp o), 01. vii. 152.)
man-stealers (av'3parro3a-ra), and other criminals The Heraea or Hecatombaea of Aegina were
rf a similar kinid. (Meier, At. Proc. pp. 76, 77.) celebrated in the same manner as those of Argon
0 Q