Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

0PI I IHELEPOLIS. HELLEN OTAM IAE.
and the heJlne)icta of Crates the twefith of the Pho- -It was manned with 200 soldiers, besides those
caean stater. The weight of the heiniecton would be who moved it by pushing the parallel beams at the
a little less than that of the Attic obol; and their bottom. (Diod. xx. 48.)
ralue would therefore give a ratio of gold to silver, At the siege of Rhodes, 3. c. 306, Demetrius
as 8 to I, a low value for gold, it is true, but one employed an helepolis of still greater dimensions
easily explained by the fact, conjectured by Bockh, and more complicated construction. Besides wheels
and distinctly stated by Hesychius (s. v. C, cats), it had castors (hv'rtnrpOrTra), so as to admit of
that the Phocaean gold money was very base: this being moved laterally as well as directly. Its
fact also will explain the light weight of the coin form was pyramidal. The three sides which were
as compared with the Attic obol. The result of exposed to attack, were rendered fire-proof by
this somewhat intricate discussion seems to us both being covered with iron plates. In front each
clear and consistent: namely, that the standard story had port-holes, which were adapted to the
weight, the drachma, was divided, on the duodeci- several kinds of missiles, and were furnished with
mal system, into sixtlss (imcTal or 6~o;ol), and shutters that could be opened or closed at pleasure,
twelfths, slfK1'Ta: that Athens had silver coins of and were made of skins stuffed with wool. Each
these weights: and that, in those states which story had two broad flights of steps, the one for
used a gold coinage, of which the unit was a staler ascending, the other for descending. (Diod. xx. 91;
equal (generally) in weight to two dracl7smae and in compare Vitruv. x. 22.) This helepolis was convaluze to twetnty, this stater was subjected to a simi- structed by Epimachus the Athenian; and a much
lar duodecimal division, by which the sixth (itcrl esteemed description of it was written by Dioeclides
or'IT'evs) became in weight a piece of two olols, of Abdera. (Athen. v. p. 206, d.) It was no doubt
and the tcvelfth (4/ieKETOv) a piece of one olol. the greatest and most remarkable engine of the kind
The values of these coins (according to the average that was ever erected. In subsequent ages we
ratio of the value of gold to that of silver, namely find the name of " helepolis " applied to moving
10: 1) would have been 20 obots and 10 obols re. towers which carried battering rams, as well as
spectively; but those of Phocaea were so light and machines for thi'owing spears and stones. (Amnm.
debased, that they were only worth 16 and 8 respec- Marcell. xxiii.; Agathias, i. 18. p. 30, ed. Ven.;
tively of the obols of Athens, whose coinage was Nicet. Chon. Jo. Cosmmenezs, p. 14, b.) Towers
proverbially pure. [P. S.] of this description were used to destroy the walls
HECTEMO'RII (i7c'rudpILt), a name given of Jenlsalem, when it was taken by the Romans.
to the poor citizens of Attica before the time of (Jos. B. J. ii. 19. ~ 9, iii. 6. ~ 2.) [ARiES; ToeSolon, who cultivated the fields of the rich and aItENTUtA.] [J. Y.]
received only a sixth part (hence their name) of HELIAEA. [DIcASTERIONT.]
the produce. (Hesych. s.v. EKIcTrdpOl; Eustath. HIELIOCAMI'NUS. [DoMus, p. 432, b.]
ad Homn. Od. xix. 28. p. 680. 49, ed. Basil. p. 1854, HELIX (Eih`), anythingof aspiral form,whether
ed. Rom.) Plutarch (Solon, 13) seems to have in one plane, as the spiral curve, or in different
made a mistake in stating that they paid a sixth planes, as the screw.
portion to their masters, and retained five-sixths 1. In architecture, the spiral volutes of the Ionic
themselves. (Comp. Schlmann, De;,5zitiis, and Corinthian capitals. The Roman architects,
p. 362, Antiq. Juz.r. Puall. Gracc. p. 169; I-Iermann, while they used the word volhutae for the angular
Lehrbutch d. Griech. Staatsalterth. ~ 101, n. 10.) spirals, retained the term helices for the smaller
HEDNA (FaGa). [Dos.] spirnls in the middle of each face of the Corinthian
IIEGEMO'NIA DICASTE'RIOU (jye7ytoia capital. (Vitruv. iv. 1. ~ 12.)
&tKavOTnpio u). [EISAcGOGEIS.] 2. In mechanics, the word designates the screw
HEGETO'RIA. [PLYNTERItA.] in its various applications; but its chief use was
HEIRGMOU GRAPHE' (eipyuLOv'ypap'). to describe a macliine used for pushing or drawing
This was an action for false imprisonnlent of a free ships in the water from the beach, which was said
citizen or stranger, and keeping such person in to havebeen invented by Archimedes. (Athen. v.
private custody. There are no orations upon this p. 207, a., with Casaubon's Notes.) [P. S.]
subject extant, nor indeed any direct allusions to IIELLANO'DICAE ('EAXavoimtcaL), the judges
it by name; but it is hinted at as a remedy that in the Olympic games, of whom an account is
might have been adopted by Agatharchus, the given under O.LYMPIA. The same name was also
painter, for the restraint put up:)n his personal givenl to the judges or court-martial in the Laceliberty by Alcibiades (Andoc. c. Ale. p. 119); and daemonian army (Xen. Rep. Lac. xiii. i1); and
in a passage of Deinarchus (c. Demn. 17), where a they were probably first called by this name
miller is mentioned to have incurred capital punish- when Sparta was at the head of the Greek conment for a like offence. The thesmotlletale pro- federacy.
bably presided in the court before which offenders HELLENOTA'MIAE ('EhAXViora/Salt), or
of this kind were brought to trial. (Meier, Att. treasurers of the Greeks, were magistrates apProc. p. 332.) [J. S. M.1] pointed by the Athenians to receive the contribuHELE'POLIS (E.E7rokXs). When Demetriuis tions of the allied states. They were first appointed
Poiiorcetes besieged Salamis, in Cyprus, he caused a. c. 477, when Athens, in consequence of the
a machine to be constructed, which he called "the conduct of Pausanias, had obtained the command
taker of cities." Its form was that of a square of the allied states. The money paid by the diftower, each side being 90 cubits high and 45 wide. ferent states, which was originally fixed at 460
It rested on four wheels, each eight cumbits hioh. talents, was deposited in Delos, which was the
It iwas divided into nine stories, the lower of place of meeting for the discussion of all common
which contained machines for throwing great interests; and there can be no doubt that the
stones, the middle large catapults for throwing hellenotamiae not only received, butt were also the
spears, anld the highest, other machines for throwing guardians of these monies, which were called by
mai!ller stonles, together with smaller catapults. Xenophon (dce 7ectig.. 5)'EAA7X-r,,O0nPa.s. (Thiuc