Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

IIASTA. HECTE. 589
-Besides the terms jaculum and spicumzllss (lKucY',: It was also the practice to set up a. spear in the
lcJ]rrie)ef, wrhichk probably denoted darts, resem- court of the CENTUsIVIRx.
hlbiig inm form the lance and jaxvelin, but imuch The throwing of spears (srovriycd4s).vwas one of
smllaalle.iadapted consequently to the light-armed the gymnastic exercises.of'the Greeks, and is de-.
(;atculatot es),.and. used in huinting as well as in. scribed at length by Kranse (Gynznastil; und Aqyon,.
battle (Thucyd. ii. 4; Virg. Aen. ix. 5.2; Serv. ni istil deir Hellezlen, vol. i. p. 465, &c.). [J. YJ]
loe.; Ov-id. Mfet. viii. 411' Cic. ad Farn. v. 12; HASTA'TI. [EERCITUS, pp.494-496,501,
1!o. ii. ii7),ve find in classical authors the names 02.1
ao -aiouls othec spears, which were characteristic IHECATOMBAEA. [HERAEA..]
of parnticnlar nations; Thus, Servius states (ic Aen. IIECATOMBAEON.. [CALENDARiUM,
-%ii. -664) that, as thei pilums Was proper to the GRaEIE.]
1amIimlS, and the..gaescuc to the Gaunls, so the HECATOMBE. [SAcRFIcIrUM.]
sa: iss exwas the spear peculiar to the Macedonians. HECATOMPEDON. [PES; TEMPLUM.]..
lihis-was used both.to throw and as a pike. It IIECATOSTE (E1aeteo-Ti'). [PENTECOSTE:.].
exceeded in length all other missiles. [See p. HECTE or HECTEUS (ec1r7, lrCTeVs),. and.
488,ar.] It was made of cornel, the tall dense its ialf, H6leciectos or Henziecteon (1desavrro, eLsc-.
stem of- which also served to make spears of other E'rce;), are terms which occur, in more than one.
ki!nds.- (Theoph.-H. P. iii. 12.-2; cadpieaa, Arrian, sense, in the Greek metrical system, and are interTCcct., tcpavE'Ya, Xen. de Re Equest. xii. 12.) The. esting on acconnt of the examples they furnish of.
Thracian rompwplea, rwhich had a very loung point, the duodecimal division.
like the blade of a sword.(Val. Flac. vi. 98; 1. In dry measures, the hecteus wvas the sixth
mruicpia, Gill. t. c.; peogqala, Apoc. i. 16 ), was pro- part of the 2sedsinnss,, and the heccziecteon, of course,
bably not unlike the sarissa; since Livy asserts the tweifth part. (Aristoph. Eccl. 547, Ntb. 638,(x.xsxi..39), that in a country partly covered withl 645.) The deecezs was equal to the Roman meodizes,..
xosod the Macedonian phalanx was ineffective on as each contained 16 e'rTat. or sextarii..(Bicklh,
tccount of -their praelongaue dastae, and that the ilietsol, Unterssuc. pp. 33, 200.)?olnphaea of the Thracians was a hindrance for the 2. The EIecte or. Hectems and Hemnziecton were also.
scan13 reason. With these weapons we may also the names of coins, but the accounts we have of.
c!a'ss the Ilvlrian s-lina, which resembled a hunting- their value are very various. The only consistent
pole. (Fesatus, s. v.; rr~sviov, Polyb. ai. 21; sibon, explanation is, that there were different hectae, deGell; 1. Anc.; At. Sid. 13.) rived from different units; in fact, that these coins
I'he iron head of the German spear, called xwere not properly denozoinations of money, but sub-.iclmeae, -as -short and narrow, but very sharp. diviisions of the recognised denominations. This.
The Germans used it with great effect either as view is confirmed by the statement of Hesychius,
a lance or a pike: they aave to each youth a that the words icry,'pi-r, and serpvx were apfIainea and a shlield on comingc of age. (Tacit. Ger-sm. plied to coins of gold, silver, and copper; that is
6, ] 3, 1 8, 24; Ju.. xiii. 79.) The I`k airicoa or xwe think, that the various denominations of money
_I'dlciaccai b wxa s the spenr of the Saguntines, and xwas were subdivided for convenience into thirds, fourths,
i pilled by the aid of t\isted ropes; it was large and sixths, which would be of gold, silver, and
aind ponlderous, hacving a head of iron a cubit in copper, according to the value of their respective.
len;ltlh, and a ball of lead at its other end; it some- units. (Hesych. s. v. EKIrC/.) Now, since the drachma
timles carried tlaining pitch and tow. (Liv. xxi. 8, was the unit of the silver coinages, which chiefly
Xlsxi\. 18; Virg. Aean. ix. 706;OG Lucan, vi. 198; Sil. prevailed in- Greece, we might expect, a priori,
Ital. i. 351;- (e11. 1. c.; Isid. Orig. xviii. 7; Grat. that the common dee'tecs would be the sixth of a:
(aiisc. 3'y4e2. 34-2.) The llatarc and itIra',Lkc were drachma, that- is, an obol; and that there was
chiefloy lsed in Gaul and Spain: the tragula was such a dcteus, is expressly stated by Hlesychius,
piol.cably barled, as it required to be cut out of the xWho gives ctuiweAiov as the equivalent of iu1eiscEcY-:
wound. (P1tcut. Cbs. ii. 4. 18, E.Dcid. v. 2. 25; (s. v.). But then from a- passage of the conic poet
Caes. B. G. i. 26, v. 35; Gell. 1. c.) The Aclis Crates (Pollux, ix. 374), we learn that the
and' Cuctei-i were much smaller missiles. (Virg. iecierctsz of gold was eight obols, the natural in4Ae~. vii. 730, 741.) terpretation of which is, that it was eqsual icz value
Aimong the decorations which the Roman gene. to eglgt silver obols or (according to Mr. Hussey's
rals lbestowved on their soldiers, more especially for computation of the draclhna), a little more than 13d.,
sacinlg the life of a fellowv-citizen. ias a spear which is certainly a very snmall value for a gold
xvithotut a hlead, called hastac piura. (Virg. Aecz. vi. coin. This objection Bockh meets by supposiilg
7(61; S rv. inz loc.; Festus, s. v. aI-zsta; Sueton. that the gold had a very large mixture of alloy;
Clz'ccl. 22; Tacit. Ad1m. iii. 21.) The gift of it is and tlhe probability of this xwill appear further presonetinimes recorded in funereal inscriptions. sently. This stater could not have been an Attic']le celibaris hasita. (Festus, s. v.), having been coin, for at that time Athens had no gold money:
fixed into the body of a gladiator lying dead on the question therefore arises, to what foreign state
the arecca, awas used at nmarr'ages to part the hair did it belong? Now, anionc the foreign staters,
of the bride. (Ovid, Fatst. ii. 560.) which were current at Athens in the fifth centeury
A spear Lvas erected at auctions [AUcTIo], and B. C., that of Phocaea is frequently mentioned, and
when tmenders wvere received for public offices ([ocC- an inscription exists (found in the Acropolis) in
tioses). It served both to announce, by a conven- which, among certain offerings, we fiud PFzOCcaea(Z
tional sign conlspicuous at a distance, that a sale staters, and ic-rt,m ooiocai'sS (Bbckh, Coip. Inzscr.
5was going on, and to show that it was conducted No. 150, lines 41, 43, vol. i. pp. 231, 236. ~~ 19,
under the authority of the public functionaries. 22: the hasty conjecture that these icrera must have
(Cic. Offic. ii. 8; Nepos, Attic. 6; Festus, s. v. Ibeen of silver, is corrected by Bdckh himself, in
Hlaste.) Hence an auction was called hastc., and his J-tetc-ologiscle Ufsterssuceglenm, p. 1 35). Little
an auction-room lhastariume. (Tertull. Apol. 13.) doubt can remain that these CtraTr were the siaxthL