Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

586 tIARPAGINETULI. H-ARUSPICES.
(Diod. xviii. 26-28; Athen. v. p. 206, e; Aelian, pattern. (See Schneider, Newton, andl the other
F. tI. xii. 64.) commentators and translators, 1. c., and anI addition
The harmamaxa was occasionally used by the by Bailey to the article in Forcellini.) [P. S.]
ladies of Greece. A priestess of Diana is repre- IIAIRPAGO (4p7rd.rl: Xvicos: tepEtypa, dimn.
sented as riding in one which is drawn by two rCpeaTypLS), a grappling-iron, a drag, a flesh-hoolk
white cows (Heliod. Aeth. iii. p. 133, ed. Com- (Ev. xxvii. 3; 1 Sanm. ii. 13, 14. Sept.; Aristoliph.
melini), and the coins of Ephesus show, that this Vesp. 1152; Anaxippus, ap. At/len. iv. p. 169, b.)
carriage, probably containing also symbols of the The iron-fingered flesh-hook (cped-ypa trL67poa,;rri'attributes and worship of Diana, added to the Xos, Brunck,Anal. ii. 215) is described by the Schosplendour of the religious processions in that liast on Aristophanes (lEquit. 769), as " an illstrucity. [J. Y.] ment used in cookery, resembiing a hand with the
HIARMOSTAE (from a&pu6do, to fit or join to- fingers bent inwards, used to take boiled meat out.gether) was the name of the governors wham the of the caldron." Four specimens of it, in bronze,
Lacedaemonians, after the Peloponnesian war, sent are in the British Museum. One of them is here
into their subject or conquered towns, partly to represented. Into its hollow extrelnity a wooden
keep them in submission, and partly to abolish the handle was inserted.
democratical form of government, and establish in
its stead one similar to their own. (Diod. Sic.
xiv. 10; Xen. IlHelle. iv. 2. ~ 5; Isocrat. PaZ7eq.
p. 92; Suidas, H-esych. s. v.; Etylnol. lMeag. s. v.'EriaoreaO.ot.) Although in many cases they wesre
ostensibly sent for the purpose of abolishing the
tyrannical government of a town, and to restore
the people to freedom, yet they themselves acted
like kings or tyrants, whence Dionysius (Asstisq. A similar instrument, or even the flesh-hook itRomt. v. p. 337, Sylburg) thinks that harmostae self (Aristoph. IEccles. 994) was uised to draw up
was merely anlother name for kings. How little a pail, or to recover any thing which had fallen
sincere the Lacedaemonlians were in their profes- into a well. (Iesychius, s. vv.'Aprd'-y, Kpeaoypa,
sions to restore their subject towns to freedom was Auscos.)
manifest after the peace of Antalcidass; for although In fwar the grapplingr-iron, thrown at asl enemy's
they had pledged themselves to re-establish free ship, seized the igging, and was then used to drag
governments in the vat'ious townls, yet they left the ship within reach, so that it might be easily
them in the hands of the harmostae. (Polyb. iv. boarded or destroyed. ("Aprae, Athen. v. p. 208,d.)
27.) The character of their rule is sufficiently de- These instruments appear to have been much the
scribed by the word icarXet', which Isocrates (1. c.) samne as the msanscts f reace (manusferreae atque iarand Demosthenes (De Coron. p. 258) use in speak- peayonzes, Ces. B. C. i. 57; Q. Curt. iv. 9; Diion
ing of the harmostae. (Con-mpare Demosth. c. Tisno- Cass. xlix. 3, 1. 32, 34). The manussferrease were
crat. p. 740; Plut. NTastat. Araal. c. 3.) Even employed by the Consul Duilius against the Car.
Xenophon (De Rep. Lac. c. 14) could not help cen- thaginians (Flor. ii. 2; Front. Strattag. ii. 3. ~ 24),
suring the Lacedaemonians for the mslaner in which and were said to have been invented by Pericles.
they allowed their harmostne to govern. (Pli. N. vii. 57.) [JY.]
It is uncertain how long the office. of an har- HIARP'AS TUM (ap7raeGdT, from &pirdco) was
mostes lasted; but considering that a governor of a ball, used in a game of which we have no acthe same kind, who was appointed by the Lacedne- curate account; but it appears both from the etymonians in Cythera, with the title of Cytherodices, mology of the aword and the statement of Galen
held his office only for one year (Thucyd. iv. 53), (hrepL 1Urcpats 4rpaasc, c. 2. p. 902, ed. Kiihn),
it is not improbable that the office of haraostes was that a ball was thrown among the players, each of
of the same duration. [L. S.] vihomin endeavoured to obtain possession of it.
HARPAGES GRAPHE (.perayis ypep/S). (Comp. Pollux, ix. 105, 106; Athen. i. p. 14, f.)
This action seents, according to Lucian (Jud. Voc. HIence Martial (iv. 19. 6) speaks of the haaptst/a
c. i. vol. i. p. 82, ed. Heinesterh.), to have been pulverzlezeta. The game required a great deal of
applicable to cases of open robbery, attended with bodily exertion. (Martial, vii. 67. 4; conlp. xiv.
violence. Under these circumstances the offenders 48.) (See Becker, Gacllus, vol. i. p. 276; Krause,
would be included in the class of traecoupyot, and QGsnzsmsstik sisa/ Ayonistik der Hellen2en, vol. i. pp.
as such be tried be'ore a court under the con- 307, 3013.)
trol and management of the Elevren. With respect IIARU SPICES, or ARU'SPICES, were
to the punishment upon conviction, we have no soothsayers or diviners, who interpreted the will
certain information, but there seems no reason to of the gods. They originally came to Rome firoo
doubt that it was capital, as in cases of burglary Etruria, whence haruspices were often sent for by
and stealinig from the person. (Xen. ieltm. i. 2. the Romans s on important occasions. (Liv. xxvii.
~ 62.) [J. S. M.] 37; Cic. Cut. iii. 8, de Div. ii. 4.) The art of
HARPAGINE'TULI, a sort of decorattion for the haruspices resemllbled in many respects that of
the walls and ceilings of roomis, thus mentioned by the augurs; but they never acquired that political
Vitruvius, in a passage where lie is speakisng of' inmportance which the latter possessed. and wero
irregular and fantastic ornaments (vii. 5. ~ 3), regarded rather as ilmeans for ascertaining the will
"pro co/lusmnis erimsz staltmzlsur c/alsisi, profitstisiis of the gods thaln as possessing any religious althocasdlrginetzsli strieti cessm crislpisfoliiset volstis tene- rity. They did not in fact form any part of the
ris." The commentators have laboured in vain to ecclesiastictl polity of the Roman state during thle
explain the term; and it is even very doubtful republic; they are never called sacerdotes, they
whether the reading is correct. As the word did not form a collegium, and had no magister at
stands, it seems to refer to some sort of scroll- their held. The account of Dionysius (ii. 22),