Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

IHALITERRES. Ii. RM AMAXA,. 585
engaged for the occasion had to give in their nalnes in soilewhat the same ~manner as our dulamb-bells.
to the yVYatKoioL. (Athen. 1. c.) They had (Martial, xiv. 49, vii. 67. 6; Pollux, iii. 155,:x.
also to punish those men who showed their effe- 64; graves maassae, Juv. vii. 421; Senec. Ep. 15,
iinate character by frantic or immoderate wailing 56.) Pausanias (v. 26. ~ 3, v. 27. ~ 8, vi. 3. ~ 4)
at their own or other persons' misfortunes. (Plnt. speaks of certain statues of athletes who were re1. c.) The number of these officers is unknown. presented with halteres. They appear to have
MIeier (Altt. Proe. p. 97) thinks that they were been made of various forms and sizes. The pr6appointed by lot; but Hermann (Polit. Ant. cedingn woodcut is taken from Tassie, Calgt(lozne,
~ 150. n. 5), referring to Menander (Rl;et. de &c. pl. 46, No. 7978. (Mercurialis, De I.Arie
Encom. p. 105, ed. I-Ieeren.), reckons them among Gymenastica, ii. 12; Becker,:allus, vol. i. p. 277;
those officers who were elected. LL. S.] Krause, Die Gymnastik end.c onistzik der tIIellenen,
vol. i. p. 395.)
HIAMAXA (a'lsta). [HARIMAMI.AXA; PLAUSTRUXI.]
IH. HAMAXO'PODES (&l/aSord3es), in Latin,
ARBUSCULAE, appear to have been cylindrical
HABE'NAE (,vL'a) were, generally speaking, pieces of wvood, placed vertically, and with a socket
leathern thongs, by means of which things were cut in the lower end, to receive the upright pivot
held anld managed. Hence the word was in par- fixed above a wvheel or above the middle of the
ticular applied-1. To the reins byrmeans of which axis of a pair of wheels, which could thus turn
horses were guided and managed. (Virg. dcn. x. horizontally in every direction. One use of this
576, xi. 670, 765, xii. 327.) The habenae were, sort of socket was to nIlite the axis of the foreas with us, fixed to the bit or bridle (f'aenuio). wheels of a chariot to the body (Pollux, i. 14-i,
2. To the thongs attached to a lance, by which it 253; Hesych. s. v. a'ljalwro5es); anlother use of it
~was: held and wieldcd. (Lucan. vi. 221.) [Com- was to attach the wheels of a testudo to the filaming'pare HASTA, p. 558, a.] 3. To the thong which was in such a manner, that the nmachine might easily
formed into a sling, by means of which stones were be moved in -any direction: in fLact, the alhlusacdet.thrown. (Lucan. iii. 710; Valer. Flace. v. 609.) and the wheel together-formed a castor or universal
[FuNnA.] 4. To thongs by means of which the joint. (Vitrnv. x. 20. s. 14. ~ 1, ed. Schneid.).sandals were fastened to the feet. (Gellius, xiii. Newton (ad loc.) supposes that, for the latter pur-:21. 4.) From this passage it is also clear that the pose, a single piece of timber would be both clumsy
hiabenane in this case were not always: made of and insufficient, and that the arbusczlca must have
leather, but of strings or chords, whence Gellius been a sort of framing. (See his figare, No.,calls them ctretes blabenee. 5. To the thongs formed 114.) [P. S.]
into a sconrge with which young slaves were chas- HARMA (pfxa). [CURR s; IIARMAITITAXa.]
tised. (Horat. Elist.. ii. 2. 15.) The commenta- HARMAMAXA (&ap/4/aea) is evidently comtors on this passage, indeed, differ about the meaning pounded of apua, a general term, including not
of habenae; but if we consider the expressions of only the Latin CuaRus, but other descriptions of
Ulpian (Dig. 29. tit. 5. s. 33), inmpuberes servi carriages for persons; and /AaS~a, which meant a
terreri tantu2r soloet, et cabenae velfe2'ula caecdi, it is cart, having commonly four wheels, and used to
clear that the habena is the scourge itself. (Comp. carry loads or burthens as well as persons. (Hets.
Ov. Herid. ix. 81; Virg. Aen. vii. 380.) [L. S.] Op. et Dies, 692; Hem. II. vii. 126, xxiv. 782.)
HABITA'TIO. [SERVITUTES.] The harmamaxa was a carriage for persons, in its
HAERES. [HERas.] construction very similar to the CArPErNTvui, being
HALIA (Ala). [AGoRA.] covered overhead and inclosed with curtains (Died.
I-ALMA (dXNAa). -[PENTATHLON.] xi. 56; Charito, v. 2, 3), so as to be used at night
I1ALO1A (&Xhoa). [ALO.A.] as well as by day (Xen. Cyrop. iv. 2. ~ 15); but
HIALTE'RES (a.XT'pes) were certain masses it was in general larger, often drawn by four horses,
(of stone or metal, which were used in the gymnastic or other suitable quadrupeds, and attired with
ornaments more splendid, luxurious, and expensive, and in the Oriental style. (Diod. xvii. 35 -
Aristoph. Achiacr. 70.) It occupied among the
Persians (Max. Tyr. 34) the same place which the
carpentum did among the Romans, being used,
~I/: /" ~'' especially upon state occasions, for the conveyance
of women and children, of eunuchs, and of the sonls
I/ } t Os; yS9of the king with their tutors. (Herod. vii. 83, ix.
76; Xen. Cyp'op. iii. 1. ~ 8, iv. 3. ~ 1, vi. 4. ~ 11;
Q. Curt. iii. 3. ~ 23.) Also, as persons might lie
in it at length, and it was made as commodious as
possible, it was used by the kings of Persia, and
by men of high rank in travelling by ilight, or in
any other circumstances when they wished to consult their ease and their pleasure. (Herod. vii. 41;
Xen. C(yrop. iii. 1. ~ 40.)
The body of Alexander the-Great was transported from Babylon to Alexandria in a magnifiexercises of the Greeks and Romans. Persons cent harmamaxa, the construction of which occupied
who practised leaping often performned their exer- two years, and the description of which, with its
cises with halteres in both hands; but they were paintings and ornaments in gold, silver, and ivory,
-also frequently used imerely to exercise the body employed the pen of more than one histoiian.