Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

GENIUS. GENS. 6.67
which occurs in one of the fragments of Varro GENOS (yIvos). [TRIBUS, GREEc.]
(p. 273, ed. Bip.) and ill the Antholog. Lat. vol. i. GENS. This word contains the same element
p. 34, ed. Burmann. [L. S.] as the Latin gcn,us, and gi ayno, and as the Greek
GAME'LIA (?yaelX1Xa). The demes and phra-?yE',,os, yT-y,-^oual, &c., and it primarily signifies
tries of Attica possessed various means to prevent kin. But the word has numerous significations,
intruders from assuming the rights of citizens. which have either a very remote connection with
Among other regulations it was ordained that every this its primary notion, or perhaps none at all.
bride, previous to her marriage, should be intro- Gens sometimes signifies a whole political comduced by her parents or guardians to the phratria munity, as CGens Latinorum, Gens Campanorum,
of her husband (yafn7laX i' vdrEp yvuaeiois Ele4pesv, &c. (Juv. Sat. viii. 239, and Heinrich's note);
Isaeus, de Pyrrh. Haered. pp. 62, 65, &c.; de Ciron. though it is probable that in this application of the
Ilaered. p. 208; Demosth. c. Eubul. p. 1312 and term, the notion of a distinction of race or stock
1320). This introduction of the young women is implied, or at least the notion of a totality of
was accompanied by presents to their new phratores, persons distinguished from other totalities by samewhich were called yaX7lAa, (Suidas, s. v.; Schol. ness of language, community of law, and increase
ad Dens. c. Enzbul. p. 1312.) The women were of their numbers among themselves only. Cicero
enrolled in the lists of the phratries, and this enrol- (pro BaZbo, c. 13) speaks of " Gentes universae in
ment was also called -yalcjX'a. The presents seem civitatem receptae, ut Sabinorum, Volscorum, Herto have consisted in a feast given to the phratores, nicorum." It is a consequence of such meaning of
and the phratores in return made some offerings to Gens, rather than an independent meaning, that
the gods on behalf of the young bride. (Pollux, the word is sometimes used to express a people
iii. 3, viii. 9, 28.) The acceptance of the presents simply with reference to their territorial limits.
and the permission to enroll the bride in the registers The meaning of the word in the expression Jus
of the phratria, was equivalent to a declaration that Gentium is explained under Jus.
she was considered a true citizen, and that conse- The words Gens and Gentiles have a special
quently her children would have legitimate claims mneaning in the system of the Roman law and in
to all the rights and privileges of citizens. (Herin. the Roman constitution. Cicero (Top. 6) has preLehl. d. griech. Staatsalt. ~ 100. n. 1.) - served a definition of Gentiles which was given by
rayc-rjlia was also the name of a sacrifice offered Scaevola, the pontifex, and which, with reference
to Athena on the day previous to the marriage of a to the time, must be considered complete. Those
girl. She was taken by her parents to the temple were Gentiles, according to Scaevola, (1) who bore
of the goddess in the Acropolis, where the offerings the same name, (2) who were born of freemen
were made on herbehalf. (Suidas, s.. npoTeAela.) (ingenui), (3) none of whose ancestors had been a
The plural, eyaeoXita, was used to express wed- slave, and (4) who had suffered no capitis diminuding solemnities in general. (Lycophron, ap..Ely7n. tio. This definition contains nothing which shows
ll. s. v.) [L. S.] a common bond of union among gentiles, except
GAMOS (?ya'dos). [MATRIluoNIUA.] the possession of a common name; but those who
GAtMORI. [GEoMama.] had a common name were not gentiles, if the three
GA'NEA. [CAJPONA, p. 259, a.] other conditions, contained in this definition, were
GAUSAPA, GAUSAPE, or GAUSAPUM, not applicable to them. There is also a definition
a kind of thick cloth, which was on one side Yery of gentilis by Festus:-" That is called Gens
woolly, and was mused to cover tables (Horat. Sat. Aelia which is composed (conficitur) of many
ii. 1-1; Lucil. ap. Priscian. ix. 870), beds (Mart. familiae. Gentilis is both one who is of the same
xiv. 147), and by persons to wrap themselves up stock (eyenss), and one who is called by the same
after taking a bath (Petron. 28), or in general to name (simLili nonsmie) i, as Cincius says, those are
protect themselves against rain and cold. (Seneca, my gentiles who are called by my name."
Epist. 53.) It was worn by men as well as women. We cannot conclude any thing more from the
(Ovid, Ars Anmat. ii. 300.) It came in use among conficitur of Festus than that a Gens contained
the Romans about the time of Augustus (Plin. several familiae, or that several farriliae were comH. N. viii. 48), and the wealthier Romans had it prehended under one Gens. According to the
made of the finest wool, and mostly of a purple definition, persons of the same gents (kin) were
colour. The gausapnm seems, however, sometimes gentiles, and also persons of the same name were
to have been made of linen, but its peculiarity of gentiles. If Festus meant to say that all persons
having one side more woolly than the other always of the same genus and all persons of the same
remained the same. (Mart. xiv. 138.) As Martial name were gentiles, his statement is inconsistent
(xiv. 152) calls it gausapa qaadrata, we have
reason to suppose that, like the Scotch plaid, it was *' Gentilis dicitur et ex eodem genere ortus, et
always, for whatever purpose it might be used, a is qui simili nomine appellatur." The second et is
square or oblong piece of cloth, (See Bittiger, sometimes read t,which is manifestly not the right
Sabina, ii. p. 102.) reading, as the context shows. Besides, if the
The word gausapa is also sometimes eused to de- words "1 ut is. qui simili nomine appellatur," are to
signate a thick wig, such as was made of the hair be taken as. an illustration of "ex eodem genera
of Germans, and worn by the fashionable people ortus," as they must be if ut is the true reading,
at Rome at the time of the emperors. (Pers. Slt. then the notion of a eaotnoon eamne is viewed as of
vi. 46.) Persius (Sat. iv. 38) also applies the word necessity being contained in the notion of conmmon
in a figurative sense to a full beard. [L. S.] kin, whereas there may be common kin without
GELEONTES. [TRaBus, GREEuK.] commnnon name, and common name without common
GELOTOPOII (yeAoo7roeooi0) [PARAsIm1'] kin. Thus neither does common name include all
GENE'SIA. [FUNvs, p. 558, a.] comnmon kin, nor does common kin include all comrn
GE'NIUS. See Diet. of GrC and Rown. Bio- mon name; y-t each includes sometlhing that the.qrpalyy./. other includes.
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