Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

FUNUS. FUN US. 561
Flaminia and the Tiber, and planted round it neither this space nor the sepulchre itself could
woods and walks for public use. (Suet. Aug. 100.) become the property of a person by usucapion.
The heirs were often ordered by the will of the (Cic. de Leg. ii. 24.)
deceased to build a tomb for him (Hor. Sat. ii. 3. Private tombs were either built by an individual
84; Plin. Ep. vi. 10); and they sometimes did for himself and the nmembers of his family (sepulcra
it at their own expense (de suo), which is not un- faniliaris), or for himself and his heirs (sepsulcea
frequently recorded in the inscription on funeral hereditaria, Dig. 11. tit. 7. s. 5). A tomb, which
monuments, as in the following example taken was fitted up with niches to receive the funeral
from an urn in the British Museum:- urns, was called columbariunz, on account of the
Dis MANIBVS resemblance of these niches to the holes of a
L. LEPIDI EPAPHRAE pigeon-house. In these tombs the ashes of the
PATRIS OPTISsI freedmen and slaves of great families were freL. LEPIDIVS quently placed in vessels made of baked clay,
AMTAxIMvs F. called ollae, which were let into the thickness of
DE SVO. the wall within these niches, the lids only being
seen, and the inscriptions placed in front. Several
Sepulchres were originally called buste (Festus, of these columbaria are still to be seen at Rome.
s. v. Septlerzme), but this word was afterwards em- One of the most perfect of them, which was disployed in the manner mentioned above (p. 559, b.). covered in the year 1 822, at the villa Rufini, about
Sepulchres were also frequently called loloauomentea two miles beyond the Porta Pia, is represented in
Cic. ad Fanm. iv. 12. ~ 3; Ovid, ifet. xiii. 524), the annexed woodcut.
but this term was also applied to a monument
erected to the mnemory of a person in a different
place from where he was buried. (Festus, s. v.. 2
Cic. pro Sext. 67; comp. Dig. Il. tit. 8.) Coads- ^
toria or condition were sepulchres under ground,.
in which dead bodies were placed entire, in contradistinction to those sepulchres which contained i
the bones and ashes only. They answered to the C -\ c r
Greek irrd&yelov or 7r&yaito,., _ _ f.i
The tombs of the rich were commonly bu;lt of _ -t
ma'ble, and the ground enclosed with an iron' -.
railing or wall, and planted round with trees. (Cic..v
rld Faso. iv. 12, ~ 3; Tibull. iii. 2. 22; Suet. Ner.
33. 50; Martial, i. 89.) The extent of the burying ground was marked by Cippi [CIPPus]. The'
name of Mlazasoleurz, which was originally the name
of the magnificent sepulchre erected by Artemisia
to the memory of IMausolus khing of Caria (Plin. Tombs were of various sizes and forms, according
I-. N. xxxvi. 4. ~ 9, xxxv. 49; Gell. x.!8), to the wealth and taste of the owner. The folwas sometinmes given to any splendid tomb. (Suet.. lowing woodcut, which represents part of the street
Aug. 100; Paus. viii. 16. ~ 3.) The open space of tombs at Pompeii, is taken from Mazois, Pornbefore a sepulchre was called forum [FORUAII, and peiana, part i. pl. 18.
ft's_'_ - X=+_
All these tombs were raised on a platform of between this tomb and the next, which bears no
masonry above the level of the footway. The first inscription. The last building on the left is the
building on the right hand is a funeral triclinium, tomb of Scaurus, which is ornamented with baswhich presents to the street a plain front about reliefs representing gladiatorial conlbats and the
twenty feet in length. The next is the family hunting of wild beasts.
tomb of Naevoleia Tyche; it consists of a square The tombs of the Romans were ornamented
building, containing a sma ll chamber, and from the in various ways, but they seldom represented death
level of the outer' wall steps rise, which support a in a direct manner. (Muller, Archiol. dej
tnmarble cippus richly ornamented. The burial- IKtnst, ~ 431; Lessing, Wie die Altoes deal 7od
ground of Nestacidius follows next, which is sur- gebildet hubee?) A horse's head was one of the
rounded by a low wall; next to which comes a most common representations of death, as it signimonument erected to the memory of C. Calventius fled departure; but we rarely meet with skeletons
Quietus. The building is solid, and was not upon tombs. The following woodcut, however,
therefore a place of burial, but only an honorary which is taken from a bas-relief upon one of the
tomb. The wall in front is scarcely four feet tombs of Pompeii, represents the skeleton of a
high, from which three steps lead up to a cippus. child lying on a heap of stones. The dress of the
The back rises into a pediment; and the extreme female, who is stooping over it, is remarkable, and
height of the whole from the footway is about is still preserved, according to Mazois, in the
seventeen feet. An unoccupied space intervenes country around Sora. (Mazois, J'o?,p. i. pl. 29.)
00