Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

6()10 YFUNUS. FUN US.
called Butstuar'i, were hired to fight round the upright rectangular form, richly ornamented with
burning pile. (Serv. ad Viriy. Aen. x. 519; comp. foliage, and supported at the sides by pilasters. It
Heor. Sat. ii. 3. 85.) is erected to the memory of Cossutia Prima. Its
When the pile was burnt down, the embers height is twenty-one inches, and its width, at the
were soaked with wine, and the bones and ashes base, fourteen inches six-eighths. Below the inof the deceased were gathered by the nearest rela- scription an infant genius is represented driving a
tives (Virg. Aen. vi. 226 —228; Tibull. i. 3. 6, iii. car drawn by four horses.
2. 10; Suet. Aug. 100), who sprinkled them with After the bones and ashes of the deceased bad
perfumes, and placed them in a vessel called urna been placed in the urn, the persons present were
(Ovid, Ann. iii. 9. 39; feralis urna, Tacit. Ann. thrice sprinkled by a priest with pure water from
iii. 1), which was made of various materials, ac- a branch of olive or laurel for the purpose of purificording to the circumstances of individuals. Most cation (Virg. Aen. vi. 229; Serv. ad loc.); after
of the funeral urns in the British Museum are made which they were dismissed by the praqfica, or some
of marble, alabaster, or baked clay. They are of other person, by the solemn word Ilicet, that is,
various shapes, but most commonly square or round; ire licet. (Serv. 1. c.) At their departure they were
and upon them there is usually an inscription or accustomed to bid farewell to the deceased by proepitaph (titulus or epitaphizum), beginning with the nouncing the word Vale. (Serv. 1. c.)
letters D. M. S. or only D. M., that is, Dis MIAN- The urns were placed in sepulchres, which, as
IBus SACRUM, followed by the name of the de- already stated, were outside the city, though in a
ceased, with the length of his life, &c., and also by few cases we read of the dead being buried within
the name of the person who had the urn made. the city. Thus Valerius, Publicola, Tubertus, and
The following examples, taklen from urns in the Fabricius were buried in the city; which right
British Museum, will give a general knowledge of their descendants also possessed, but did not use.
such inscriptions. The first is to Serullia Zosimenes, (Cic. de Leg. ii. 23.) The vestal virgins and the
who lived 26 years, and is dedicated by her son emperors were buried in the city, according to SerProsdecius; vius (ad Virg. Aen. xi. 205), because they were
D. L. not bound by the laws. By a rescript of Hadrian,
SERVLLIAE ZOSIMENI those who buried a person in the city were liable to
QVAE VNIXT,ANN X;XVI. a penalty of 40 aurei, which was to be paid to the
BENE MiEREN. FECIT nscus; and the spot where the burial had taken
PRsosaDEcvs FILIVs. place was confiscated. (Dig. 47. tit. 12. s. 3 ~ 5.)
The practice was also forbidden by Antoninus Pius
The next is an inscription to Licinius Successus, (Capitol. Anton. Pins, 12), and Theodosius II.
who lived 13 years one month and 19 days, by his (Cod. Theod. 9. tit. 17. s. 6.)
most unhappy parents, Comicus and Auriola: — The verb sepelire, like the Greek 9ad7rretV, rwas
Dis. MAN. applied to every mode of disposing of the dead
CoMIcvs. ET (Plin. tI. N. vii. 55); and sepulcruns signified any
AVRIOLA. PARENTES kind of tomb in which the body or bones of a man
INFELICISSIMI were placed. (SepUilcruio est, ubi corpus ossave
LICINIO SvCCESSO. Jzhominis condita sunt, Dig. 11. tit. 7. s. 2. ~ 5; comV. A. XIII. M. I. D. XIX. pare 47. tit. 12. s. 3. ~ 2.) The term hiemare wras
originally used for burial in the earth (Plin. 1. c.),
The following woodcut is a representation of a but was afterwards applied like sepelire to any mode
sepulchral urn in the British Museum. It is of an of disposing of the dead; since it appears to have
been the custom, after the body was burnt, to
I throw some earth upon the bones. (Cic. de Ley.
ii. 23.)
&~ J i/The places for burial were either public or private. The public places of burial were of two
kinds; one for illustrious citizens, who were buried
at the public expense, and the other for poor citizens, who could not afford to purchase ground for
the purpose. The former was in the Campus Mar-'M X)I4 421 tius, which was ornamented with the tombs of the
illustrious dead, and in the Campus Esquilinus
(Cic. Phil. ix. 7); the latter was also in the CalmPIR X M'All, 7 [1 pus Esquilinus, and consisted of small pits or
caverns, called puticuli or puticleae (Varr. de Lincg.
KJi$3S M; 1 hND55 B1f )i Lat. v. 25. ed. MUller; Festus, s. v.; Her. Sat.
I ~1 M TK H I El3TR- E. lTq \ i. 8. 10); but as this place rendered the neighbourhood unhealthy, it was given to Maecenas,
who converted it into gardens, and built a magnificent house upon it. Private places for burial
were usually by the sides of the roads leading to
Rome; and on some of these roads, such as the
Via Appia, the tombs formed an almost uninterrupted street for many miles from the gates of
the city. They were frequently built by individuals during their life-time (Senec. de Breu. Vit.
20); thus Augustus, in his sixth consulship, built
the Mausoleum for his sepulchre between the Via