Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

554 FUNDUS. FUNUTS.
deReMil. i. 16; Strab. iii. p. 168.) Most slings were and the testator frequently indicated the fundus, tO
made of leather, but the Balearic ones were manu- which his last dispositions referred, by some namle,
factured out of a kind of rush. (Strab. 1. c.) The such as Sempronianus, Seianus; sometimes also,
manner in which the sling was wielded may be seen with reference to a particular tract of country, as
in the annexed figure (Bartoli, Col. Traj. t. 46) of a Fundus Trebatianus qui est in regione Atellana.
(Brissonius, de Fo'rmulis, vii. 80.) A fundus was
sometimes devised cum omni instruzmeoto, with its
stock and implements of husbandry. Occasionally
_ R Ik a question arose as to the extent of the word inlstrumentum, between or among the parties who deo
rived their claim from a testator. (Dig. 33. tit. 17.
s.12.)
Fundus has a derived sense which flows easily
enough from its primary meaning. "Fandus,"
says Festus, " dicitur populus esse rei, quam alienat,
hoc est auctor." [AucToR.] Compare Plautuls,
Trlinzum. v. i. 7 (fundus potior). In this sense
"findus esse" is to confirm or ratify a thing;
and in Gellius (xix. 8) there is the expression
" sententiae legisque fundus subscriptorque fieri."
[FOEDERATI.] [G. L.]
X) )' JI L:FUNES. [NAvIs.]
FUNUS. It is proposed in the following article
to give a brief account of Greek and Roman
soldier with a provision of stones in the sinus of his funerals, and of the different rites and ceremonies
pallium, and with his arm extended in order to whirl connected therewith.
the sling about his head. (Virg. Aen. ix. 587, 588, 1. GREIgI. The Greeks attached great importxi. 579.) Besides stones, plummets, called glandes ance to the burial of the dead. They believed
(gtoXvG8iSes), of a form between acorns and al- that souls could not enter the Elysian fields till
mends, were cast in moulds to be thrown with their bodies had been buried; and accordingly we
slings. (Lucret. vi. 176; Ovid, Mlet. ii. 729, vii. find the shade of Elpenor in the Odyssey (xi. 66.
778, xiv. 825, 826.) They have been found on &c.) earnestly imploring Ulysses to bury his body.
the plain of Marathon, and in other parts of Greece, Ulysses also, when in danger of shipwreck, deplores
and are remarkable for the inscriptions and devices that he had not fallen before Troy, as he should in
which they exhibit, such as thunderbolts, the names that case have obtained an honourable burial. (Od.
of persons, and the word AESAI, meaning " Take v. 311.) So strong was this feeling among the
this." (Dodwell's Tozur, vol. ii. pp. 159-161; Greeks, that it was considered a religious duty to
Bbckh, Co)p. Ins. vol. i. p. 311; Mommsen, in throw earth upon a dead body, which a person
Zeitschrift fiir die Altedt7sls77msZUisses7scdayt, 1846, might happen to find unburied (Ael. Vcar. Hist. v.
p. 782.) [J. Y.] 14); and among the Athenians, those children who
While the sling was a very efficacious and im- were released fiom all other obligations to unworthy
portant instrument of ancient warfare, stones thrown parents, were nevertheless bound to bury them by
with the hand alone were also much in use both one of Solon's laws. (Aesch. c. Tinizare. p. 40.)
among the Romans (Veget. i. 16, ii. 23) and with The neglect of burying one's relatives is frequently
other nations (ol 7reTrpoCAot, Xen. Hlellen. ii. 4. mentioned by the orators as a grave charge against
~ 12). The Libyans carried no other arms tha i the moral character of a man (Dem. c. Aristog.
three spears and a bag full of stones. (Diod. Sic. i. p. 787. 2; Lys. c. Phil. p. 883, c. Aleib. p. 539),
iii. 49.) since the burial of the body by the relations of the
FUNDITORES. [FUNDA.] dead was considered a religious duty by the uniFUNDUS. The primary signification of this versal law of the Greeks. Sophocles represents
word appears to be the bottom or foundation of a Antigone as disregarding all consequences in order
thing; and its elementary part (fud), seems to be to bury the dead body of her brother Polyneices,
the same as that of Pv0,os and 7rv0,l-urq', the s2 in which Creon, the king of Thebes, had commanded
fundus being used to strengthen the syllable. The to be left unburied. The common expressions for
conjectures of the Latin writers as to the etymo- the funeral rites, -ra' KICata, dytLFac or'YOItuleYIEa,
logy of fundus may be safely neglected. mrpoeeieovera, show that the dead had, as it were, a
Fundus is often used as applied to land, the legal and moral claim to burial.
solid substratum of all man's labours. According to The common customs connected with a Greek
Florentinus (Dig. 50. tit. 16. s. 211) the term fundus funeral are described by Lucian in his treatise de
comprised all land and constructions on it; but Luctmi (c. 10, &c., vol. ii. p. 926. ed. Reitz); and
usage had restricted the name of aedes to city there is no reason for supposing that they differ
houses, villae to rural houses, area to a plot of much from those which were practised in earlier
ground in a city not built upon, awger to a plot of times. After a person was dead, it was the cusground in the country, and fundmus to agesr cosle tom first to place in his mouth an obolus, called
aedificiis. This definition of ftmdus may be com- 6avdcm1 [DANACE], with which he might pay the
pared with the uses of that word by Horace, and ferryman in Hades. The body was then washed
other writers. In one passage (~Ep. i. 2. 47), and anointed with perfumed oil, and the head was
Horace places domus and fundus in opposition to crowned with the flowers which happened to be in
one another, domus being apparently there used as season. The deceased was next dressed in as
equivalent to aedes. handsome a robe as the family could afford, in
rThe term filndus often occurred in Roman wills, order, according to Lucian, that he might not be