Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

FUCUS FUTLLO. 5l1
vol. ii. p. 163, &c.; lIomimsen, Die Rlsnisc7lew p. 568, c),,ncid/urLov (Eubulis, cp. AthLen. xiii.
Trious, Altona, 1844, which work contains the p. 557, f), and (qpvos, which was probably a red
best account of the subject; Kuhn, Ueber die Korn- paint, though used to signify paint in general, as
einsfsur in Ron imn AltertIlsum, in the Zeitschrift has been already remarked. In order to produce
Jfi)r die Alterthumnsoissensclhaft, 1845, pp. 993- a fair complexion, /lu60uoeV, cesussa, white lead
1008, 1073-1084; Rein, in the Real-Eneyjclo- was employed. (Alexis, ap. Aten l1. c.; Xen.
piidie der classisclen Altelrtlsn7swissenscdhcift, art. Oecon. 10. ~ 2; Aristoph. E'ccl. 878, 929.) The
Largitio; I-Iickh, R]iniescle Gesecicete, vol. i. part eye-brows and eye-lids were stained black with
ii. p. 138, &c., p. 384, &c.; Walter, Geser/ichlte des o'r~-/Ti or oT(Lq/,Ls, a sulphuret of antimony, which
RinmischleneRelhts, ~~ 276-278, 360, 361, 2nd ed. is still employed by the Turkish ladies for the
FRUMENTA'RII, officers under the Roman same purpose. (Pollux, v. 101.) The eye-brows
empire, who acted as spies in the provinces, and were likewise stained with aroAxos, a preparation
reported to the emperors anything which they of soot. Thus Alexis says (I. e.),
considered of importance. (Aurel. Vict. De Caes.,
*ras *(qpvs rv))as 7XE1 rLs' (* Tpaqbodo't~v aG65W.
39, sub fin.; Spartian. HIadrian. 11; Capitol. Me-i>
Crin'. 12, Corsinod. 4.) They appear to have been (Comp. Juv. ii. 93.) Ladies, who used paint, were
called Frlsentarsii because it was their duty to occasionally betrayed by perspiration, tears, &c., of
collect information in the same way as it was the which a humorous picture is given by the comic poet
duty of other officers, called by the same name, to Eubulus (a?. Atlzen. 1. c.), and by Xenophon (Oecon.
collect corn. They were accustomed to accuse 1 0.~ 8). It would appear from Xenophon(Ibid. ~ 5)
persons falsely, and their office was at length that even in his time men sometimes used paint, and
abolished by Diocletian. We frequently find in in later times it may have been still more common:
inscriptions mention made of Frsuzentarii belong- Delnetrius Phalereus is expressly said to have
ing to particular legions (Orelli, InsCe. 74, 3491, done so. (I)Duris, zp. Alen. xii. p. 542, d.)
4922), from which it has been supposed that the Among the Romans the art of painting the conmfrumentarii, who acted as spies, were soldiers plexion was carried to a still greater extent than
attached to the legions in the provinces; they may, among the Greeks; and even Ovid did not disdain
however, have been different officers, whose duty it to write a poem on the subject, which he calls (de Art.
was to distribute the corn to the legions. Ant. iii. 206) "' parvus, sed cura grande, libellus,
FR U MEN TA' TI O. [FRUMENTARIAE opus;" though the genuineness of the fragment of the
LEGES. ].edicaciazin cfieiei, ascribed to this poet, is doubtFUCUS ((vKcos), was the general term to sig- ful. The Roman ladies even went so far as to
nify the paint which the Greek and Ronian ladies paint with blue the veins on the temples, as we
employed in painting their cheeks, eye-brows, and may infer from Propertits (ii. 14. 27),'" Si caeruleo
other parts of their faces. The practice of painting cuaedam suna tempora fuco tinxerit." The rithe face was very general among the Greek ladies, diculous use of patches (splenia), which were
and probably came into fashion in consequence of common among the English ladies in the reign of
their sedentary mode of life, which robbed their Queen Anne and the first Georges, was not unknown
complexions of their natural freshness, and induced to the Roman ladies. (Mart. ii. 29. 9, x. 22;
them to have recourse to artificial means for re- Plin. Ep. vi. 2.) The more effeminate of the male
storing the red and white of nature. This at the sex at Rome also employed paint. Cicero speaks
least is the reason given by some of the ancient (in Pison. 11) of the cerussatae buccae of his
writers themselves. (Xen. Oecon. 10. ~ 10; enemy, the consul Piso.
Phintys, op. Stobaeum, tit. lxxiv. 61.) The prac- On a Greek vase (Tischbein, Engsravings, ii. 58)
tice, however, was of great antiquity among the we see the figure of a female engaged in putting
Greeks, and was probably first introduced among the paint -upon her face with a small brush. This
the Asiatic Ionians from the East, where the custom figure is copied in B1ttiger's Sabizna (pl. ix.),
has prevailed from the earliest times. That it was (Comp. Becker, C/zarikles, vol. ii. p. 232, &c.;
as ancient as the time of Homer is inferred from the Bdttiger, Sabina, vol. i. p. 24, &c., p. 51, &c.)
expression 47rixpifaoa,rapetias (Od. xviii. 172), F UGA LATA. [ExssLIeumi.]
but this is perhaps hardly sufficient to prove that FUGA LIBERA. [EXSILIUac.]
the cheeks were painted. The ladies at Athens, as FUGITIVA'RIUS. [SERvus.]
might have been expected, did not always paint FUGITI'VUS. [SEavus.]
their faces when at home, but only had recourse to FULCRUM. [LEcrus.]
this adornment when they w-ent abroad or wished F ULLO (cvasPbeus, yvacpevs), also called
to appear beautiful or captivating. Of this we have NACCA (Festus, s. v.; Apul. Mfet. ix. p. 206,
a striking example in the speech of Lysias on the Ripont), a filler, a washer or scourer of cloth and
murder of Eratosthenes, in which it is related linen. The fullones not only received the cloth as
(p. 93. 20, ed. Steph.) that the wife, after leaving it came from the loom in order to scour and
her husband to visit her paramour, painted herself; smooth it, but also washed and cleansed garments
which the husband observed on the following which had been already worn. As the Romans
morning, remarking, osE of ICOL Trb 7irpdaco-rov generally wore woollen dresses, which were often
E/iLv0L&0OaL. (Comp. Aristoph. Lyslstr. 149, Eccl. of a light colour, they frequently needed, in the
878, Plst. 1064; Plut. Alcib. 39.) In order tO hot climate of Italy, a thorough purification. The
give a blooming colour to the cheeks, ai`Xouo-a or way in which this was done has been described by
youvara, a red, obtained from the root of a plant, Pliny and other ancient writers, but is most
was most frequently employed (Xen. Oecom. 10. clearly explained by some paintings which have been
~ 2); and the following paints were also used to found on the walls of a fullonica at Pompeii. Two
produce the same colour, namely, rartEpwss, also a of these paintings are given by Gell (Posspeeana,
vegetable dye resembling the rosy hue on the vol. ii. pl. 51, 52), (and the whole of them in the
cheeks of young children (Alexis, cap. Atszen. xiii. Museo Borbonico (vol. iv. pl. 49, 50); from the
N 4