Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

PASTI. FASTIGIUM. 523
attlziRomana a lerrio Flacco ordblatoruln7 RelZgciae, forum, and were found to contain a list of consuls
&c. Romae, 1779; and in Jrc. Van Vaassez Ani- dictators with their masters of horse, censors with
inadverss. ad Fastos Roms. Sacres fiagdmenta, Traj. the lustra which they closed, triumphs and ovaad Rhen. 1795: to which add Ideler's cazndbuclh tions, all arranged in regular succession according
de, iliathe matiseiee und Tec7hischen COhronoloyie. to the years of the Catonian era. These had eviBerlin, 1826. dently extended from the expulsion of the kings
Before quitting this part of our subject, we may to the death of Augustus, and although defective
make mention of a curious relic, the antiquity of in many places, have proved of the greatest value
which has been called in question without good in chronology. The different pieces were collected
cause, the Calendariumz Rusticun asrnesic2num. and arranged under the inspection of Cardinal
This Rural Almanac is cut upon four sides of a Alexander Farnese, and deposited in the Capitol,
cube, each face being divided into three columns, where they still remain. From this circumstance
and each column including a month. At the top they are generally distinguished as the Fasts
of the column is carved the appropriate sign of the CApitolini. In the years 1817 and 1818, two
zodiac; then follows the name of the month, the other fragments of the same marble tablets were
number of the days, the position of the nones, the discovered in the course of a new excavation in
length of the day and night, the name of the sign the Forum. A faic-simile of them was published
through which the sun passes, the god under at Milan, by Borghesi, in 1818. [W;1. R.]
whose protection the month was placed, the various FASTI'GIUM (&dsrod, aeo'rwgtC), literally, a
agricultural operations to be performed, and a list slope, in architecture a pedlinent, is the triangle
of the principal festivals. Take May as an ex- which surmounts each end of a rectangular buildamlple: ing, and which, in fact, represents the gable end of
AMENSIS the roof. (See woodcut, p. 97.) It is composed
5CAIVS of three sets of mouldings (forming respectively the
DIES. xxxI. horizontal base and the sloping sides of the triangle,
N'ON. SEPTIA. and representing the timber framing of the roof),
DIES. HOR. xIIISS. and of a flat surface enclosed by them, which covers
Nox. aron. VIIIIS. the vacant space of the roof, and which, from its
soL. TAVRO. resemblance to a membrane stretched upon the
TVTELA. APOoLLIN. triangular frame, is called tymnpanums. (Vitruv.
SEGET. iVNCANT. iii. 3.) This flat surface was generally ornamented
OVES. TONDENT. with sculpture; originally, in the early temples of
LANA. LAVATVIt. Zeus, with a simple eagle as a symbol of the god
IVVENCI DOMANT. (Pind. Olymmp. xiii. 29, and Schol. ad loc.), an inVICEA. PABVL. stance of which is afforded by the coin represented
SECATVR. in the following woodcut (Beger. S2iceil. Atliq.
SEGETES
LVSTRANTVR.
SACRVM. MERCVR.
ET. FLORAE.
(See the commentary of Morcelli in his Opvera?=
pvCrapkica, vol. i. 77. ) C OK
II. FAsrTI ANNALES or HISTORICI. Chronicles
such as the Annales lifaxismi, containing the names
of the chief magistrates for each year, and a short
account of the most remarkable events noted down
opposite to the days on which they occurred,
overe, from the resemblance which they bore in d
arrangement to the sacred calendars, denominated
ftAsti; and hence this word is used, especially p. 6), whence the Greek name aerds which was at
by the poets, in the general sense of listorical first applied to the tyzpaonusm and afterwards to
records. (Horat.at. Sat. i. 3. 112, C'. iv. 13. the whole pediment; and in after times with elabo13, iii. 17. 7.) - rate sculptures in high relief, such as those in the
In prose writersfasti is commonly employed as pediments of the Parthenon, the fragments of which
the technical term for the registers of consuls, are among the Elgin marbles in the British Museum;
dictators, censors, and other magistrates, which where also may be seen a full-sized model of the
formed part of the public archives. (Liv. ix. 18; pediments of the temple of Zeus Panhellenius, at
Cic. Pro Sext. 14; compare Cic. Philipp. xiii. Aegina, with casts of the statues in them, restored.
12; Tacit. Ann. iii. 17, 18.) Again, when Cicero Most of the celebrated Greek temples were simiremarks in the famous epistle to Lucceins (Ad larly adorned. (See Pans. i. 24. ~ 5, ii. 7. ~ 3,;aeta. v. 12), " Etenim ordo ille annaliu m media- v. 10. ~ 2, ix. 1I. ~ 4; Aristoph. Arves, 1110.)
criter nos retinet quasi enumerations fastorum," Terra-cotta figures were applied in a similar manner
he means that the regular succession of events by the Romans in the early ages. (Cic. Divins.
meagrely detailed in chronicles fixed the attention i. 10; Vitruv. iii. 2; Plin. H. N. xxxv. 12. s. 43,
but feebly, and was little more interesting than a 46, xxxvi. 2.)
mere catalogue of names. (Compare Ad AtU. iv. O.) The dwelling-houses of the Romans had no gable
A most important specimen ofjfsti belonging to ends; consequently, when the word is applied to
this class, executed probably at the beginning of them (Cic. Epist. ad Q. Fr. iii. 1. 4; Virg. Aezn.
the reign of Tiberius, has been partially preserved. viii. 491), it is not in its strictly technical sense,
In the year 1547, several fragments of marble but designates the roof simply, and is to be undertablets were discovered in excavating the Roman stood of one which rises to an apex as distinguished