Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

492 EXERCITUS. EXERCITUS.
practice first introduced upon a large scale, after corps, which were moreover distinguished by various
the Mithridatic wars, of granting pensions for long epithets of which we have early examples in the
service in the shape of donations of land. Hence, Legio Mllartia (Cic. Philip. v. 2; Vell. Pat. ii. 61;
when Augustus in compliance, as we are told by LDion Cass. xlv. 13; Appian, B. C. iv. 115), and the
Dion Cassius (lii. 27), with the advice of Maecenas, Legio Qlinta Alauda. [ALAUDA.]
determined to provide for the security of the Dion Cassius, who flourished under Alexander
distant provinces, and for tranquil submission at Severus, tells us (lv. 23) that the military estabhome by the establishment of a powerful standing lishment of Augustus consisted of twenty-three or
army, he found the public mind in a great degree twenty-five legions (we know from Tac. Ann. iv. 5,
prepared for such a measure, and the distinction that twenty-five was the real number), of which
between soldier and civilian unknown, or at least nineteen still existed when he wrote, the rest haynot recognised before,.became from this time for- ing been destroyed, dispersed, or incorporated by
ward as broadly marked as in the most pure mili- i Auoustus or his successors in other legions. Ile
tary despotisms of ancient or modern times. Iss gives the names of nineteen, and the localities
this place, we are required simply to call attention where they were stationed in his own day, adding
to the fact - it belongs to the philosophic historian the designations of those which had been raised by
to trace the results. subsequent emperors. This list has been considerTlze numbering of thle legions and their titles. ably enlarged from inscriptions and other authoThe legions were originally numbered according to rities, which supply also several additional titles.
the order in which they were raised. Thus in the We give the catalogue as it stands in the pages of
early part of the second Punic war, we hear of the the historian, and refer those who desire more
fourth legion (so TeTaproYy 0-TpeaT'rebos,), being complete information to the collections of Roman
hard pressed by the Boii (Polyb. iii. 40); the Inscriptions by Gruter and Orelli, to the fifth book
tenth legion plays a conspicuous part in the history of the Comnent. Reip. Rom. of Wolfgang Lazius,
of Caesar as his favourite corps (Dion Cass. fol. Francf. 1598, and to Eckhel, Doctrina Vumnm.
xxxviii. 17), and the cabinets of numismatologists Vet. vol. vi. p. 50, vol. viii. p. 488. In the followpresent us with an assemblage of denarii struck by ing table an asterisk is subjoined to the nineteen
M. Antonius in honour of the legions which he legions of Augustus, to the remainder the name of
commanded, exhibiting a regular series of numbers the prince by whom they were first levied; the
from 1 up to 30, with only four blanks (25, 27, epithets included within brackets are not given
28, 29). As the legions became permanent, the by Dion, but have been derived from various
same numbers remained attached to the same sources -
List of the Legions in the Rezlqn of Alexander Seve-rus.
Number of the Title. By whom raised. Where stationed in the age of
Legion. Dion Cassius.
Prima Italica Nero Hiberna in Mysia Inferiore.
Adjutrix Galba Pannonia Inferior.
Minervia Domitianus Germania Inferior.
Parthica Sept. Severus Mesopotamia.
Secunda Augusta Hiberna in Britannia Superiore.
Adjutrix Vespasianus Pannonia Inferior.
_.Egyptia Trajana Trajanus (Egypt?)
Italica M. Antoninus Noricum.
Media (Partbica) Sept. Severus Italia.
Tertia Augusta Numidia.
~ - Gallica * Phoenicia.
Cyrenaica * Arabia.
Italica M. Antoninus Rhaetia.
Parthica Sept. Severus Mesopotamia.
Quarta Scythica * Syria
— _ Flavia (Felix) Vespasianus Syria.
Quinta Macedonica * Dacia.
Sexta Victrix Britannia Inferior.
- Ferrata * Judaea.
Septima Claudia Mysia Superior.
(Gemina) Galba Hispania.
Octava Augusta Germania Superior.
Decinla Gemina * Pannonia Superior.
(Fretensis) * Judaea.
Undecima Claudia * IMysia Inferior.
Duodecima Fulminatrix' Cappadocia.
Decima Tertia Gemina * Dacia.
Decima Quarta Gemina * Pannonia Superior.
Decima Quinta Apollinaris * Cappadocia.
Vigesima Valeria Victrix * Britannia Superior.'_____.__ * Hiberna in Germania.
Trigesima Ulpia (Victrix) Trajanus (Germania?).
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