Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

480 EXEGETAE. EX ERCITORIA ACTIO.
wvell as priests, were considered as belonging to the accordance with the etymological meaning of' the
gods. No consecrated place whatever could be word, states, that it was applied to any interpreter
applied for any profane purpose, or dedicated to oflaws, whether sacred or profane; but we knove
any other divinity than that to which it originally that tat Athens the name was principally applied tu
bielonged, without being previously exaugurated; three members of the family of the Eumolpidae
and priests could not give up their sacred func- (Suidas, s. v.), whose province it was to interpret
tions, or (in case they were obliged to live in celi- the religious and ceremonial laws, the signs in the
bacy) enter into matrimony, without first under- heavens, and the oracles; whence Cicero (De Leyj,
going the process of exaugutratio. (Gellius, vi. 7. ii. 27) calls them religionzez interpretes. (Compare
4; Jul. Capitol. M. Anton. P/lilos. c. 4.) [L. S.] Pollux, viii. 124 and 188; Plato, Eutlyph?-. p. 4, d.)
EXCEIPTIO. [AcTIO.] They had also to perform the public and private
EXCU'BIAE. [CASTRA, p. 250.] expiatory sacrifices, and were never appointed
EXCUBITO'RES, which properlymeans watch- without the sanction of the Delphic oracle, whenc3
men or sentinels of any kind (Caes. Bell. Gall. vii. they were called Hus6oXpVsrroTi. (Tinaeus, Glossa),.
69), was the nanle more particularly given to the s. v.'EtyyW'rai: compare Meier, De Boyis Dantnet.
soldiers of the cohort who guarded the palace of p. 7; Miiller, ad Aesch/yl. Eezen. p. ]62, &c.)
the Roman emperor. (Suet. Ner. 8, Oth. 6.) The name i-ryjTr1s was also applied to those
Their commanding officer was called tribuneos ex- persons who served as guides (cicerone) to the
cubitor. (Suet. Claud. 42, Ver. 9.) When the visitors in the most remarkable towns and places
emperor went to an entertainment at the house of of Greece, who showed to strangers the curiosities
another person, the excubitores appear to have ac- of a place, and explained to them its history and
companied him, and to have kept guard as in his antiquities. (Paus. i. 41. ~ 2.)
own palace. (Suet. Oth. 4.) Respecting the /qyor7rlTs of the laws of LvcurEXEDRA (ES4Apa), which properly signifies a gus at Sparta, see MUller, Dor. iii. 11. 2. [L. S.1
seat out of doors, came to be used for a chamber EXERCITO'RIA ACTIO, was an action
furnished with seats, and opening into a portico, granted by the edict against the exercitor navis.
where people met to enjoy conversation; such as By the term navis was understood any vessel,
the room which Vitruvius describes as opening on whether used for the navigation of rivers, lakes,
to the peristyle of the gynaeconsitis of a Greek house or the sea. The exercitor navis is the person to
[DoMus], and as the rooms attached to a gymna- whom all the ship's gains and earnings (obventiones.
sium, which were used for the lectures and dis- et reditits) belong, whether he is the owner, or has
patations of the rhetoricians and philosophers. hired the ship (per aversioneen) from the owner
[GYMNASIUsM.] The former class of exedrae for a time definite or indefinite. The magister
Vitruvius indeed calls by another name, namely navis is he who has the care and management of'
7rapac-rdy or rwarTds, but the word ei08pa occurs the ship, and was appointed (praepositus) by the
ini Euripides (Orest. 1449) in this sense, and exercitor. Tile excrcitor was bound generally by
Pollux mentions the words 4iupat and 7ra80erdes the contracts of the magister, who was his agent.
as synonymous (vii. 122). In this sense the word but with this limitation, that the contract of the
might be translated parlour. magister must be with reference to furthertin the
In old Greek the word XexoX appears to have object for which lie was appointed; as, for instance,
had a similar meaning; but the ordinary use of if he purchased thiinigs suseful for the navigation of
the word is for a larger and more public place of the ship, or entered into a contract or incurred
resort than the E4tEpa. [LESCHE.] expense for the ship's repairs, the exercitor was
Among the Romans the word had a wider bound by such contract: the terms of the master's
meaning, answering to both the Greek terms, E't3pa appointment (praepositio) accordingly determine
and A orx7. Thus it is not only used to signify a the rights of third parties against the exercitor.
chamber for ordinary resort aned conversation in a If the magister, being appointed to manage the
private house, or in the public baths and gymnasia ship and to use it for a particular purpose, used it
open to the sun and air, (Vitruv. v. 11; vii. 9; for a different purpose, his employer was not bound
Cic. Orat. iii. 5, De Xat. Deor. i. 6; Varro, R. R. by the contract. If there were several magistri,
iii. 5; Ulpian, Dig. ix. tit. 3, leg. 5);: but the without any partition of their duties (noen divisis
word is even applied: to the hall attached to the oficiis), a contract with one was the same as a
theatre of Ponlpey, which was used as a place of contract with all. If there were several exermeeting by the senate.'(Plut. Brezt. 14, 17). citores, who appointed a imagister either out of
The diminutive eoxedrium also occurs. (Cic. ad their owin number or not, they were severally an1k'Cm7. vii. 23.) [P. S.] swerable (in solidum) for the contracts of the
EXEGE'TAE (eZ7?7orTat, interpreters; on this magister. The contracting party might have his
and other meanings of the word see Rhunken, ad action either against the exercitor or the magister,
Tienaei Glossar. p. 109, &c.), is the ieame of the so long as the magister continued to be such.
Eumolpidae, by which they were designated as A party might have an action ex delicto against
the interpreters of the laws relating to religion and an exercitor in respect of the act either of the
of the sacred rites. (Demosth. Eszeeg. p. 1160.) magister or the sailors, but not on the contract of'[EUMOLPIDsA.]J They were thus at Athens the the sailors. If the magister substituted a person
only class of persons who, ins some measure, resenl- in his place, though he was forbidden to do so, the
bled the Roman jurists; but the laws, of which the exercitor would still be bound by any proper conEi*TY?oral were the interpreters, were not written tract of such person.'lbut handed dowsn by tradition. Plutarch (T/es. The term Nauta properly applies to all persons
25) applies the term to the whole order of the who are engaged in nIavigating a ship; but in the
Eupatridae, though properly speaking it belonged Praetor's Edict ()ig. 4. tit. 9. s.:l) the term Nauta
only to certain members of their order, i. e. the means Exercitor (pci nacven exercet).
hEumolpidae... The Etynmologictim'MagnI. (s.'t.), in (TDig. 14'. tit.: 1 Peckcius, in Tit. i;f. D. Cd.