Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

'473 EUTHYNE. 1EUTIHY NE.
of the highest rank, or were less desirous to exer- their conduct and the manner in Which they accise any direct influence upon the government, quitted themselves of their official duties. The
remained in their former places of residence. judges in the popular courts seem to have been
(Thirlwall, vol. ii. p. 8.) In the division of the the only authorities who were not responsible
inhabitants of Attica into three classes, which is (Aristoph. Vesp. 546; Hudtwalcker, Vonr den
ascribed to Theseus, the Eupatridae were the first Diaetet. p. 32); for they were themselves the reclass (Plut. Ties. 25), and thus formed a compact presentatives of the people, and would therefore,
order of nobles, united by their interests, rights, in theory, have been responsible to themselves.
and privileges. The first, or at least the most This account, which officers had to give after the
ambitious among them, undoubtedly resided at time of their office was over, was called Eif0rImV:
Athens, where they enjoyed nearly the same privi- and the officers subject to it, vdrE59vvote. Every
leges as they had before the union in the separate public officer hlad to render his account within
townships of Attica. They were in the exclusive thirty days after the expiration of his office
possession of all the civil and religious offices in (Harpocrat. Phot. and Suid. s. v. Aoyew'l-a and
the state, regulated the affairs of religion, and in- EvOuvoi); and as long as this duty was not fulfilled,
terpreted the laws human and divine. (Miiller, the whole property of the ex-officer was in bondage
Dor. ii. 2. ~ 15.) The king was thus only the to the state (Aeschin. c. Ctesipd. p. 56. Steph.)-:
first among his equals, being distinguished from he was not allowed to travel beyond the frontiers
them only by the duration of his office (Schlmann, of Attica, to consecrate any part of his property as
De Comit. p. 4, transl.); and the four kings of the a donarium to the gods, to make his will, or to
phylae (qvxofaaraoEs), who were chosen from the pass from one family into another by adoption;
Eupatridae, were more his colleagues than his no public honours or rewards, and no new office
counsellors. (Pollux, viii. 111.) The kingly power could be given to him. (Aeschin. and Demostlh.
ewas in a state of great weakness; and, while the De Coron. and c. Tim. p. 747.) If within the stated
overbearing influence of the nobles, on the one period an officer did not send in his account, an
hand, naturally tended gradually to abolish it action, called XoNylom, or aXoyias Kfici, was brought
altogether, and to establish a purely aristocratical against him. (Pollux, viii. 54; Hesych. Suid. Etym.
government in its stead (Hermann, Pol. Ant. of Mag. s. v.'AXoyiov 5ihr,.) At the time when
Greece, ~ 102), it produced, on the other hand, an officer submitted to the eibOvtvl, any citizen had
effects which threatened its own existence, and at the right to come forward and impeach him. Those
last led to the entire overthrow of the hereditary who, after havin0 refused to submit to the eOSdvm,
aristocracy as an order: for the commonalty, also disobeyed the summons to defend themselves
which had likewise gained in strength by the before a court of justice, thereby forfeited their
union of all the Attic townships, soon began to rights as citizens. (Demosth. c. Mid. p. 542.)
feel the oppression of the aristocracy, which in It will appear from the list of officers subject to
Attica produced nearly the same effects as that of the euthyne, that it was not confined to those
the patricians at Rome. The legislation of Draco whose office was connected with the administration
seems to have arisen out of the growing discontent of the public money, or any part of it; but in malny
of the commonalty with the oppressive rule of the cases it was only an inquiry into the manner in
nobles (Thirlwall, vol. ii. p. 18, &c.); but his at- which a person had behaved himself in the distempts to remedy the evil were more calculated to charge of his official duties. In the former case
intimidate the people than to satisfy them, and the scrutiny was conducted with great strictness,
could consequently not have any lasting results. as the state had various means to check and conThe disturbances which, some years after, arose trol the proceedings of its officers; in the latter,
from the attempt of Cylon, omne of the Eupatridae, the euthyne may in many instances have been no
who tried to overthrow the aristocratical govern- more than a personal attendance of the ex-officer
mesnt and establish himself as tyrant, at length led before the representatives of the people, to see
to the legislation of Solon, by which the political whether' any charge was brought against him.
power and influence of the Eupatridae as an order When no accuser appeared, the officer was honourwas broken, and property instead of birth was ably dismissed (E'rrzo71aaf'veo Oia, Demosth. De
made the standard of political rights. (Aristot. Coron.p. 3i 0). After an officer hadgone through the
Polit. ii. 9; Dionys. Hal. Ant. Rone. ii.; Aelian, euthyne, he became aY'el'Ovios. (Pollux, viii. 54.)
I' H. v. 13.) But as Solon, like all ancient The officers before whonm the accounts were
legislators, abstained from abolishing any of the given were in some places called EvOWvol or hoyltreligious institutions, those families of the Eupa- rat, in others Es'ao-rai or ovvPyopot. (Aristot.
tridae in which certain priestly offices and func- Polit. vi. 5. p. 213, ed. Goettling.) At Athens we
tions were hereditary, retained these distinctions meet with the first two of these names, and both
down to a very late period of Grecian history. are mostly mentioned together; but how far their
(Compare Schbmann, A4ntiq. Jdia. )ulbl. Grace. p. functions differed is very uncertain. Some gram167, &c., and p. 77, &c.) [L. S.] marians (Etymol. Magn. and Phot. s. v. EvOvvoo)
EURI'PUS. [AMI HITHsIETaU, p. 88, b.] state that Aoyio-ral was the name of the same offiEUSTYLOS. [TEsIPLUM.] cers who were formerly called ei-i0vvot. But from
EUTHY'NE and ETHYTIIYNI (Es5bm'V, the manner in which the Greek orators speak of
eb'Ov'om). All public officers at Athens, espe- them, it can scarcely be doubted that their funccially generals, ambassadors, the archons and their tions were distinct. From the authorities referred
assessors, the diaetetae, priests arid priestesses to by Bbckh (Publ. Ecoms. p. 190, &c. 2d ed.
(Aeschin. c. Ctesiph. p. 56. Steph.), the secretaries conlpare the Rlein. inlus. 1827, vol. i. p. 72, &c.),
of the state (Lysias, c..Vicomsachl.), the superin- it seems, moreover, clear that the office of the
tendents of public buildings, the trierarchs, and XoyiraL', though closely connected with that of
even the senate of the Five Hundred and the the evOvvoI, was of greater extent than that of
members of the Areiopagus, were accountable for the latter, who appear rather to have been the