Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

'468 EPIMELETAE..EPISTATES.
the offender, called icatKicEJEO eo'a'tyycXla. (Isaeus, 4.'E7rtxeX?,?rl r s' MVuo'vJP7iwv, were, In conDe Pyrr. tiered. p. 76; Meier, Att. Proc. pp. 269, nection with the king archon, the managers of the
460, 468.) [C. R. K.] Eleusinian mysteries. They were elected by open
EPIDAUJ'RIA. [ELEUSINIA.] vote, and were four in number; of whom two were
EPIDICA'SIA (4Ir'latcao'a). [HERES.] chosen from the general body of citizens, one
EPIDEMIURGI. [DEMIURGI.] from the Eumolpidae, and one from the Ceryces.
EPI'DOSEIS (0nrLsO-sLr), were voluntary con- (Harpocrat and Suid. s. v.; Dem. c. Aleid. p. 570. 6.)
tributions, either in money, arms, or ships, which 5. Ei'EyrqseAXaTl'v rewoplwo, the inspectors of
were made by the Athenian citizens in order to the dockyards, formed a regular apX6, and were
meet the extraordinary demands of the state. not an extraordinary commission, as appears from
When the expences of the state were greater than Demosthenes (c. E2cerg. et glanes. p. 1145), Aesits revenue, it was usual for. the prytares to sum- chines (c. Ctesiph. p. 419), and the inscriptions
mon an assembly of the people, and after ex- published by B1ckh (Ulcunden iiber das S'eeeesenplaining the necessities of the state, to call upon des Altisc/ses Staates, Berlin, 1840), in which they
the citizens to contribute according to their means. are sometimes called or 6pxDovres e Tro7s T eowplos,
Those who were willing to contribute then rose and their office designated an aPXi. (No. xvi. b.
and mentioned what they would give; while those, 104, &c.; No. x. c. 125; No. xiv. c. 122. 138.)
who were unwilling to give any thing, remained We learn from the same inscriptions that their ofsilent or retired privately from the assembly. fice was yearly, and that they were ten in number.
(Pint. -Alcib. 10, Ph/oc. 9; Dem. c. Meild. p. 567; It also appears that they were elected by lot from
Theophras. Clasr. 22; Athen. iv. p. 168, e.) The those persons who possessed a knowledge of shipnames of those who had promised to contribute, ping.
together with the amount of their contributions, The principal duty of the inspectors of the dockwere written on tablets, which were placed before yards was to take care of the ships, and all the
the statues of the Eponymi, where they remained rigging, tools, &c. (o-IEV 1) belonging to them.
till the amount was paid. (Isaeus, De Dicaeog. They also had to see that the ships were seap. 111, ed. Reisk.) worthy; and for this purpose they availed them-.
These epidoseis, or voluntary contributions, were selves of the services of a lomnefaer7, who was
frequently very large. Sometimes the more wealthy well skilled in such matters. (Bbckh, ibid. No. ii.
citizens voluntarily undertook a trierarchy, or the 56.) They had at one time the charge of various
expences of equipping a trireme. (Dem. c. Meid. kinds of military 0Reov, which did not necessarily
p. 566. 23.) We read that Pasion furnished belong to ships, such as engines of war (No. xi. m),
1 000 shields, together with five triremes, which he which were afterwards, however, entrusted to the
equipped at his own expence. (Dem. c. Step/s. generals by a decree of the senate and people.
p. 1127. 12.) Chrysippus presented a talent to (No. xvi. a. 195.) They had to make outs alistof
the state, when Alexander moved against Thebes all those persons who owed anything to the docks
(Dem. c. Pl/omeo. p. 918. 20); Aristophanes, the (Dem. c. Escerg. et Mnzes. p. 1145), and also to
son of Nicophemus, gave 30,000 drachmae for an get in what was due. (Id. c. A4ndrot. p. 612.)
expedition against Cyprus (Lysias, p1o Aristop/s. Wre also find that they sold the rigging, &c., of
boais, p. 644); Charidemus and Diotimus, two the ships and purchased new, under the direccommanders, made a free gift of 800 shields (Dem. tion of the senate, but not on their owni responsipro Coron. p. 265. 18); and similar instances of bility. (No. xiv. b. 190, &c., compared with Nos.
liberality are mentioned by Bdckh (Publ. Econ. of xiv. xvi. u.) They had iyeeeovoia, 8lKaCTr?7piou in
Atsenas, pp. 586, 587, 2nd. ed.), from whom the conjunction with the i&'roor-oXEhs in all matters
preceding examples have been taken. (Compare connected with their own department. (Dem. c.
Schdimann, De Cbmitiis, p. 292.) Euesr. et a1nes. p. 1147.) To assist them in disEPIGA'MIA ('7rtyaFsia). [CIvITAS (GRLEEIc.)] charging their duties they had a secretary (ypc,uEPIGRAPEIEIS (Enrvypaqreps). [EIsPHgORA.] tcarebs, No. xvi. b. 165), and a public servant (-I7EPIMELE'TAE (n7riteXralr), the names of tJd~oso ev roT? VeopLots, No. xvi. b. 135). For a
various magistrates and functionaries at Athens. further account of these inspectors, see Bbckh,
1.'E7rtSneU1r4's ris ictVS T rpooarDov, more usu- Url/knden, &c. pp. 48-64.
ally called va/ntas, the treasurer or manager of the 6.'E'resXsAral'riv qwvdvi, the inspectors of the
public revenue. [TAeIIas.] qpvx&i or tribes. [TlRIBus.]
2.'ErpelFqratl vrctxuoptiY,'E/Xrcal, werepersons EPIRHE'DIUM. [RuiEDA.].chosen from among the Areopagites to take care of EPISCE'PSIS (4ir[olc-rnl's). [MARTYRIA.].the sacred olive trees. (Lysias, Areopag. p. 284.5.) EPI/SCOPI (rlrtcoarol), inspectors, who were
3.'EnrtyesXurai rov'EJpuropiov, were the overseers sometimes sent by the Athenians to subject states.
of:the emporium. [EMPoRInuse.] They were ten Harpocration compares them to the Lacedaemonian
in number, and were elected yearly by lot. (HIar- harmosts, and says that they were also called
pocrat. s. v.) They had the entire management of OpXAarces. It appears that these Episcopi received
the emporium, and had jurisdiction in all breaches a salary at the cost of the cities over which theyof the commercial laws. (Dem. c. Lacrit. p. 941. 15. presided. (Aristoph. Aves, 1022, &c., with Schol.;
c. Tl/coc. p. 1324; Dinarch. c. Aristog. pp. 81, 82.) Harpocrat. s. v.; Bbckh, Publ. Econ. of At/.ess,
According to Aristotle (cpud IHarpocrat. s. v.), pp. 156, 238, 2d ed.; Schbmann, Antiq. Juris
it was part of their duty to compel the merchants to Pub. Graec. p. 432. 18.)
bring, into the city two-thirds of the corn which EPI'STATES (i7rsvTd-ruS), which means a per.
had been brought by sea into the Attic emporium; son placed over any thing, was the name of two
by which we learn that only one-third could be distinct classes of functionaries in the Athenian
carried away to other countries from the port of state; namely, of the chairman of the senate and
the Peiraeeus. (Bdockh, Publ. Econ. of Atlens, assembly of the people, respecting whose duties see
I'P. 48, 81, 2nd ed.; Meier, Att. Proc. p. 86.) the articles BOITLF and ECCLESIA; and also of the