Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

462- EPEUNACTAE. EPHEBUS.
EO'RA. [AEORA.] to helots, and that these helots were admitted to
EPANGE'LIA (Era''yeXkia). If a citizen of the citizenship under the name of a7re-va'cTrai.
Athens had incurred a&rTua, the privilege of taking Diodorus (Mai, 11mc. Vat. p. 10) also calls the par.
part or speaking in the public assembly was for- tisans of Phalanthus ie7rEvaKC'Ta. [PARTHENIAre.]
feited [A'rTMIA]. But as it sometimes might (Thirlwall, 1list. of Greece, vol. i. p. 353; MUillelc
happen that a person, though not formally declared Dor. iii. 3. ~ 5.).TrslOS, had committed such crimes as would, on EPHEBE'UM. [GYMNASIUMe.]
accusation, draw upon him this punishment, it was EPHE'BUS (~isj~os), the name of an Athenian
of course desirable that such individuals, like real youth after he had attained the age of 18. (Pollux,
tir/oel, should be excluded from the exercise of the viii. 105; HIarpocrat. s. v..'EirslTres'HCio at).
rights of citizens. Whenever, therefore, such a The state of E(PsqCeIa lasted for two years, till the
person ventured to speak in the assembly, any young men had attained the age of 20, when they
Athenian citizen had the right to come forward-in became men, and were admitted to share all the
the assembly itself (Aeschin. c. Timaze-lc. p. 104), rights and duties of a citizen, for which the law
and demand of him to establish his right to speak did not prescribe a more advanced age. That the
by a trial or examination of his conduct (olcLparfa young men, whenl they became 9'pqlol, did not reTov aBov), and this demand, denouncement, or ceive all the privileges of full citizens, is admitted
threat, was called 47rayyeAia, or Eray7EXyla BOKL- on all hands; but from the assertion of Pollux and
aoslas. The impeached individual was then coam- HIarpocration, who state that their names were not
pelled to desist from speaking, and to submit to a entered in the lexiarchic registers until they had
scrutiny into his conduct (Pollux, viii. 43; Suidas, completed their 20th year, that is to say, until they
s. v. E7rayyXeia), and if he was convicted, a formal had gone through the period of ep71Ceia, it would
declaration of &Tr,L'a followed. seem that they were not looked upon as citizens as
Some writers have confounded the Iraya7yeXla long as they were cpmjCoy, and that consequently
with 6OKLqaa'ea, and considered the two words as they enjoyed none of the privileges of full citizens.
synonyms; but from the statements made above, But we have sufficient ground for believing, that
it is evident that the bolc.utao'a is the actual trial, the names of young men at the time they became
while the 7ray'yeXia is only the threat to subject'Pe,1ot, were entered as citizens in the lexiarchic
a man to the omclIuaoi'a: hence the expression registers, for Lycurgus (c. Leocrcct. p. 189) uses the
7rayy~EAXeLv aoscmL caa~v. (Schbmann, De-Com7it. expressions dp~osJyTyGVserm and eZIS rb A7llapXlKoV
p. 232. note 8. transl.) Other writers, such as HIar- ypay/saTZeo, /eyypdEd(eo0a as synonymous. The
poeration and Suidas, do not sufficiently distinguish statement of Inarpocration and Photius is therefore
between e7raeyyEXa and svretm s: the latter is an probably nothing but a false inference from the fact,
accusation against persons who, though they had that young men before the completion of their 20th
been declared &iTOl,o nevertheless ventured to year were not allowed to take an active part in the
assume the rights of citizens in the public assem- public assembly; or it may be, that it arose out of
bly; whereas ErayyeXa applied only to those who the law which, as Schimann (De Co6nit, p. 71,
had not yet been convicted of the crime laid to transl.) interprets it, prescribed that no Athenian
their charge, but were only threatened with an ac- should be enrolled in the lexiarchic registers before
cusation for the first time. (Meier, Att. Proc. the attainment of the 18th, or after the completion
p. 210; Schimann, De Comit. p. 232, note 7. of the 20th year [DocIMASIA.] From the oration
transl.) Wachsmuth (Ii-ellen. Altertunazsask, vol. ii. of Demosthenes against Aphobus (p. 814, &c.
p. 236, 2d edit.) seems to be inclined to consider compare c. Oneton. p. 868), we see that some of
the P'170ptulC' ypaoq to be connected or identical the privileges of citizens were conferred upon young
with the e7rayyAiXa, but the former, according to men on becoming ipn7lot: Demosthenes himself, at
the definitions of Photius and Suidas, was in reality the age of 18, entered upon his patrimony, and
quite a different thing, inasmuch as it was intended brought an action against his guardians; one Manto prevent orators from saying or doing unlawful titheus (Demosth. c. Boeot. De Dote, p. 1009) rethings in the assembly where they had a right to lates that he married at the age of 18; and these
come forward; whereas the mrayyEXfa was a de- facts are stated in such a mlanner that we must
nunciation, or a promise to prove that the orator infer that their occurrence had nothing extra]ad no right at all to speakl in the assembly. [L. S.] ordinary, but were in accordance with the usual
EPARITI (irwdpi-ro), the name of the standing custom.
army in Arcadia, which was formed to preserve Before a youth was enrolled among the epheh)i,
the independence of the Arcadian towns, when he had to undergo a aoKpeaoLrea, the object of which
they became united as one state after the defeat was partly to ascertain whether he was the son of
of the Spartans at Leuctra. They were 5000 in Athenian citizens, or adopted by a citizen, and
rnumber, and were paid by the state. (Xen. Hell. partly whether his body was sufficiently developed
vii. 4. ~ 34, vii. 5. ~ 3; Diod. xv. 62, 67; Hesych. and strong to undertake the duties which now des. v. ieopovoTL; Bejot, in Meiz. de l'Acad. des volved upon him. (Aristoph. Vesp. 533, with the
-Inscrip. xxxii. p. 234; Kellermann, De Re lMilitari Schol.; Demosth. c. Onetor. p. 868; Xen. De Rep.
Arcadlun, p. 44; WVachsmuth, Hellen. Alterl/uzonsk. AtS. c. 3. ~ 4; Plato, Crito, p. 51, with Stallvol. i. p. 283, 2d ed.) baum's note p. 174. Eng. transl.) Schdmann (I.c.)
EPAU'LIA. [MATnIsMONIUMa.] believes that this 8osctuaaia only applied to orphans,
EPE(TNACTAE (m7revYaacTal), a class of but Aristophanes and Plato mention it in such a
citizens at Sparta who are said to have been the general way, that there seems to be no ground for
offspring of slaves and the widows of Spartan such a supposition. After the aorpyar'fa the young
citizens. Theopompus tells us (Athen. vii. p. men received in the assembly a shield and a lance
271, d) that in the Messenian war, in consequence (Aristot. ap. Harpocrat. s. v. Aomcpteaoa); but
of the great losses. which the Spartans sustained, those whose fathers had fallen in the defence of
they married the widows of those who were slain their country, received a complete suit of armour