Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

446 EDICTUM THEODORICT. EISAGOGEIS.
they must have been kept distinct, as the subject- of the-Roman power in Italy. It was promulgated
matter of them was different. We know that the by Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, at Rome, in
edicts of the curule aediles were. the subject of the year A. D. 500. It consists of 154 chapters,
distinct treatises by Gaius, Ulpian, and Paulus, in which we recognise parts taken from the Code
and the Edictuln Provinciale would, from its nature, and Novellae of Theodosius, from the Codices Grebe of necessity kept separate from all the rest. gorianus and Hermogenianus, and the Sententiae
But some writers are of opinion, that the Edictum of Paulus. The Edict was, doubtless, drawn up by
Perpetuum of Julianus made one body of law out Roman writers, but the original sources are more
of the edicta of the praetor urbanus and peregrinus, disfigured and altered than in any other compilathat there was also incorporated into it much of tion. This collection of law was intended to apply
the Edicturn Provinciale, and a large part of the both to the Goths (Barbari) and the Romans, so
EdictumL Aedilitium, as an appendage at least. far as its provisions went; but wIhen it made no
Tihe Edict thus arranged and systenmatised was, it alteration in the Gothic law, that law was still to
is further supposed, promulgated in the provinces, be in force for the Barbari; and the Roman
and thus became, as far as its provisions extended, law was still to prevail for the Romans in those
a body of law for the empire. This view of the cases to which the Edictum was not applicable.
edictum of Julianus is confirmed by the fact of Athalarich, the grandson of Theodoric, or rather
Italy being divided by Hadriano into the city of Amalasuntha, the mother of Athalarich, who was
1Rome with its appurtenant part, and four districts. a minor, completed this Edictum by a new one;
Th'le magistratus remained as before, but the juris- but after Narses had again united Italy to' the
diction of the praetor was limited to Rome and its dominion of Justinian, the legislation of Justinian
territory; and magistrates, called consulares, and was established in Italy (A. D. 554), and the
subsequently, in the time of Aurelius, juridici, were Edictumn of Theodoric had no longer authority.
appointed to administer justice in the districts. The opinion of modern writers as to the'design and
As the edictal power of the praetor was thus object of the Edictum of Theodoric is by no means
limited, the necessity for a comprehensive Edict uniform. There is an edition of this Edictum
(such as the Edictum Perpetuum of Julian) is the by G. F. Rhon, Halle, ]816, 4to. (Savigny,
mnore apparent. Gesclichlte des R. R. &c.; Bicking, Inslit. i., There were numerous writings on the Edict 89.) [G. L.]
besides those above enumnerated. They were EEDNA (e'eva). [Dos.]
sometimes simply entitled Ad Edictum, according EICOSTE (elcoo-7i), a tax or duty of one
to the citations in the Digest and there were also twentieth (five per cent.) upon all commodities exother juristical writings, not so entitled, which fol- ported or imported by sea in the states of the allies
lowed the order of the Edict, as, for instance, the subject to Athens. This tax was first imposed
epitome of Hermogenianus. (Dig. 1. tit. 5. s. 2.) B. c. 4 15, in the place of the direct tribute which
Ultimately, the writings on the Edict,,and those had up to this time been paid by the subject
which followed the arrangement of the Edict, oh- allies; and the change was made with the hope
tained more authority than the Edict itself, and of raising. a greater revenue. (Thuc. vii. 28.)
became the basis of instruction. This tax, like all others, was farmed, and the
Some few fragments of the older edicts are farmers of it were called eicostologi (EiKo'o;lyots).
found in the Roman writers, but it is chiefly from It continued to be collected in B. c. 405, as Aristhe writings of the jurists, as excerpted in the tophanes mentions an eicostologus in that year
Digest, that we know anything of the Edict in its (Ran. 348). It was of course terminated by the
later form. It seems pretty clear that the order of issue of the Peloponlnesian war, but the tribute
Justinian's Digest, and more particularly that of was afterwards revived on more equitable prinhis Code, to some extent followed that of the ciples under the name of Syntaxis (o'vraeLs)..Edict. The writings on the Edict, as well as the (Bdckh, Publ. Econ. of Athens, pp. 325, 401, 2nd:Edict itself, were divided into tituli or rubricae, ed.)
and these into capita; some special or detached We also read of an' eicoste levied by the sons
rules were named clausulae; and some parts were of Peisistratus. This tax was a twentieth of the
simply named edictum, as Edictum Carbonianum, produce of the lands in Attica, and was only half
&c. of what had been levied by Peisistratus himself.
The Edicta or Edictales Leges of the emperors (Thuc. vi. 54.)
are mentioned under CONSTITUTIO. EIREN (e'[pqv) or IREN (i'zpr7), the name
The Digest, as already observed, contains nu- given to the Spartan youth when he attained the
merous fragments of the Edicts. The most com- age of twenty. At the age of eighteen he emerged
plete collection of the fragments of the Edicts is from childhood, and was called Ml[elleiren (uefA-,by Wieling, in his "Fragmenta Edicti Perpetui," Aeiprvq,, Plunt. Lye. 17). When he had attained
Franek. 1733. The latest essay on the subject is his twentieth year, he began to exercise a direct
by C. G. L. de Weyhe, "Libri Tres Edicti sive influence over his juniors, and was entrusted with
de Origine Fatisque Jurisprudentiae Romanae prae- the command of troops in battle. The word apsertim Edictorum Praetoris ac de Forma Edicti pears to have orignally signified a commander.
Perpetui," Cell. 1821. The twenty-first book of Hesychius explains VIpaVes by ppXoYTEes, 8b1the Digest (tit. 1) is on the Aedilitium Edictum. KiOPTEs: and e~lprVdCEL by KPcpaTE. The hp1Eies
(Zimmern, Gesclicdte des Rmz. Privatreclhts; Ma- mentioned in Herodotus (ix. 85) were certainly
rezoll, Lelh bucel, &c.; Rein, Des Rinischle Privat- not youths, but commanders. (Miiller, Dorians,,seelt, &c., Leipzig, 1836; Savigny, Geschicte des vol. ii. p. 315.)
R. R., &c. vol. i. c. 1; Savigny, Systems, &c., vol. EISAGO'GEIS (eo'aywyes), at Athens, were
i. pp. 109, &c., 116, &c.) [G. L.]: not themselves distinct magistrates; but the name
EDIICTUM THEODORICI. This is the first was given to the ordinary magistrates when apcollection of law that was made after the downfall plication was made to them for the purpose of