Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

:40.t DIKE. DICTATOR.
render him liable to the penalty of contumacy. which those that approved of the heavier penalty
(Dem. c. Olymp. p. 1174.) The plaintiff was in drew a long line, the others a short one. (Aristoph.
this case said Eppipal7v;~Xe-v: the defendant,?pimL7v Vesp. 167.) Upon judgment being given in a prioOxe-v, 8icK*W' being the word omitted in both vate suit, the Athenian law left its execution very
phrases. If the cause were primarily brought be- much in the hands of the successful party, who was
fore an umpire (samrt'riTs), the anacrisis was con- empowered to seize the movables of his antagonist
ducted by him; in cases of appeal it was dispensed as a pledge for the payment of the money, or instiwith as unnecessary..The anacrisis began with tute an action of ejectment (ZrovdXis) against the
the affidavit of the plaintiff (7rpowpoo4a), then refractory debtor. The judgment of a court of
followed the answer of the defendant (&,vrwAuocrla dicasts was in general decisive (8bK?7 avroreX-'1s);
or &,rryopa(pl [ANTIGRAPHR1, then the parties pro- but upon certain occasions, as, for instance, when a
duced their respective witnesses, and reduced their gross case of peijury or conspiracy could be proved
evidence to writing, and put in originals, or authen- by the unsuccessful party to have operated to his
ticated copies,,of all the records, deeds, and con- disadvantage, the cause, upon the conviction of
tracts that might be useful in establishing their such conspirators or witnesses, might be comcase, as well as memoranda of offers and requisi- mencedde noo. [APPELLATIO (GREEri).] In adtions then made by either side (7rpotchA1eLs). dition to which, the party against whom judgment
The whole of the documents wvere then, if the had passed by default, had the power to revive
cause took a straight-forward course (eBvaucKia), the cause, upon proving that his non-appearance
enclosed on the last day of the anacrisis in a in court was inevitable ('9v plZlw &a'vTAaXeLV,
casket (4X)vos), which was sealed and entrusted Platner, Process,and Klagen, vol. i. p. 396); this,
to the custody of the presiding magistrate, till it however, was to be exercised within two months
was produced and opened at the trial. During the after the original judgment. If the parties were
interval no alteration in its contents was per- willing to refer the matter to an umpire (8tatnitted, and accordingly evidence that had been 7?'7z's), it was ill the power of the magistrate
discovered after the anacrisis was not producible to transfer the proceedings as they stood to that
at the trial. (Dem. c. Boeot. i. p. 999.) -In some officer; and in the same way, if the diaetetes concauses, the trial before the dicasts was by law ap- sidered the matter ill hand too high for him, he
pointed to come on within a given time; in such might refer it to the eixayoyevds, to be brought by
as were not provided for by such regulations, we him before an heliastic court. The whole of the
may suppose that it would principally depend upon proceedings before the diaetetes were analogous to
the leisure of the magistrate. The parties, how- those before the dicasts, and bore equally the name
ever, might defer the day (Kvp:d) by mutual con- of afltc: but it seems that the phrase a&,l-AaXe,
sent. (Dem. c. PLaenz. p. t042.) Upon the court 17ry.dL oo-'av is peculiarly applied to the revival of
being assembled, the magistrate called on the cause a cause before the umpire in which judgment had
(Platner, Process und Klaoen, vol. i. p. 182), and passed by default.
the plaintiff opened his case. At the commence- The following are the principal actions, both
ment of the speech, the proper officer (6 qp' ~8cop) public and private, which we read of in the Greek
filled the clepsydra with water. As long as the writers, and which are briefly discussed under
water flowed from this vessel, the orator was per- their several heads -
mitted to speak; if, however, evidence was to be AIcK or rpap -'AaKilaS irpbs,rbv 8iaOv':
read by the officer of the court, or a law recited,'A'yeap-yioi:'A'ypadpiov:'A'ypcdpou!e'rdxAouv:
the water was stopped till the speaker recommenced. A erias:'Axoyiou:'A1ftAw-ecws:'AleXiovu:'AvaThe quantity of water, or, in other words, the length ywyoos':'ApavOdaXiovt Avlparapmroepoi:'AvSpaof the speeches, was not by any means the same 7rd6wv'A-'AraTJeews Troev B7/aou:'Apopjs s:'A7roin all causes: in the speech against Macartatus, Xetecos:'A7ro7rqt.Aecos: ArooaeLo:'Arrpoor'ra
and elsewhere, one amphora only was deemed a0ov:'Apyi/as:'ApAyvpLov:'AreGefas:'Ae'rpa-relas:
sufficient; eleven are mentioned in the impeach- AiTrotoAla's: MAroTve's: BEGUcsws: Beoeo.: Ba
ment-of Aeschines for misconduct in his embassy. BAad77s: BouveveoEs: KatclryopiaS: Kaeirc-ecos:
In some few cases, as those of cadccwors, according KaIoreXoVerms KKap7rov: Karaa-eores'on 7/yov:
to Harpocration, no limit was prescribed. The Ka-raomKoosrr: Xpeovs: Xwpiov: KXoX7ri: A EKascaspeeches were sometimes interrupted by the cry oIA -..Aeitiar: A'w, a: AcWpoe',las:'EyyIr:s
tKadga — " go down," in effect, "cease speaking"'E'votdou:'Eur-lpl7papX-',UaTroS:'E7rmrporrs:'ESafrom the dicasts, which placed the advocate in?ywys:'Etalpeo'eeos'Etovsi-s:'Apsrays: Eip-y/zov:
a serious dilemma; for if after this he still per-'E'raLtpeOws:'Iepoovxias:'T:roCoAXs: a"TpEoss:
sisted in his address, he could hardly fail to offend Aetro,uaprupiov: Aenroarv-i-ovT: Aeroo'rpamTiov:
those who bid him stop; if lie obeyed the order, AenroTraLov: Mto-e0o: MaOLSo-ecs oYico,: Motit might be found, after the votes had been taken, XEias: Nap/o,Ia/Oc areos mtaOopas 0 aS: las: paicaathat it had emanated from a minority of the Omn'sV: lapaeroeas: IlapavouaW: Ilapaerpoegeias:
dicasts. (Aristoph. Fesp. 973.) After the speeches Ilapeo'-ypmaps:`papldicwv: o,&,ov: Popas pa Vsaous
of the advocates, which were in general two on Kacl p.eOue7cppL'vs: pOopas TZoV fAevOepwm,: nlpoaeach side, and the incidental reading of the docan- ysyaos: rlpoloo/as: rIpoEsMapopas: Ipourds: TYevmentary and other evidence, the dicasts proceeded eTy'ypaMp7s:'lTeV'uotcAe'as: Peva3opapTrvpe':
to give their judgment by ballot. [PsErpnos.]'PqrTopLI: tcvplae: iTOV: Bvtcobpavias: Yveuco..
When the principal point at issue was decided in aeov, or, oZr uvjmicvy rapaCdecos: Tpaduaeros v K
favour of the plaintiff, there followed in many cases 7rpovoias: Tvpavviaos. [J. S. M.]
a further discussion as to the amount of damages, DI/CROTUM. [NAVIS.]
or penalty, which the defendant should pay. DICTA'TOR, an extraordinary magistrate at
[TIM.EMA.] The method of voting upon this Rome. -The name is of Latin origin, and the ofquestion seems to have varied, in that the dicasts fice probably existed in many Latin towns before it
used a small tablet instead of a ballot-ball, upon was introduced into Rome (Dionys. v. 74). We