Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

400 qDIAPSEPHISi:S. DIASIA.
forth and covered the altar. The scourging itself (Harpocr. s. v. a8,uapXos); for in the case brought
was preceded by a preparation, by which those forward in the oration of Demosthenes against
who intended to undergo the diamastigosis tried to Eubulides, we do not find that he was dernarch,
harden themselves against its pains. Pausanias but. it is merely stated that he was a member of
describes the origin of the worship of Artemis the 3ovMxf. When the demotae were assembled,
Orthia, and of the diamastigosis, ill the following an oath was administered to them, in which they
manner:- A wooden statue of Artemis, which promised to judge impartially, without favour toOrestes had brought from Tauris, was found in a wards, or enmity against, those persons on whom
bush by Astrabacus and Alopecus, the sons of they might have to pass sentence. The president
Irbus. The two men were immediately struck then read the names of the demotae from the remad at the sight of it. The Limnaeans and the gister, asking the opinion of the assembly (61aa74inhabitants of other neighbouring places then of- (pi'Eo0at) respecting each individual, whether they
fered sacrifices to the goddess; but a quarrel en- thought him a true and legitimate citizen or not.
sued among them, in which several individuals were Any one then had the right to say what he
killed at the altar of Artemis, who now demanded thought or knew of the person in question; and
atonement for the pollution of her sanctuary. From when any one was impeached, a regular trial took
henceforth human victims were selected by lot and place. (Dem. c. E-dbzd. p. 1302; Aeschin. De
offered to Artemis, until Lycurgus introduced the Falts. Leg. p. 345.) Pollux (viii. 18) says that the
scourging of young men at her altar as a substitute demotae on this occasion gave their votes with
for human sacrifices. leaves and not with pebbles as was usual, but DeThe diamastigosis, according to this account, was mosthenes simply calls them 1(poit. If a person
a substitute for human sacrifice, and Lycurgus was found guilty of having usurped the rights of a
made it also serve his purposes of education, in so citizen (&7rroeCf'feo-Oat), his name was struck from
far as he made it a part of the system of harden- the lexiarchic register, and he himself was deing the Spartan youths against bodily sufferings. graded to the rank of an alien. But if he did not
(Plut. Lye. 18, lInstit. Laced. p. 254; Cic. Tsscul. acquiesce in the verdict, but appealed to the great
v. 27.) According to another far less probable ac- courts of justice, at Athens, a heavier punishment
count, the diamastigosis originated in a circum- awaited him, if he was found guilty there also; for
stance, recorded by Plutarch (Arfistil. 17), which he was then sold as a slave, and his property was
happened before the battle of Plataeae. confiscated by the state. (Dionys. Hal. de Isaeo,
The worship of Artemis Orthia was unquestion- c. 16. p. 617, ed. Reiske; *Ayagumest. ad Demosath.
ably very ancient, and the diamastigosis only a step c. Eul)ul.)
from barbarism towards civilisation. Many Lnec- If by any accident the lexiarchic registers had
dotes are related of the courage and intrepidity been lost or destroyed, a careful scrutiny of the
with which young Spartans bore the lashes of the same nature as that described above, and likewise
scourge; some even died without uttering a murmur called laLv*fpots, took place, in order to prevent
at their sufferings, for to die under the strokes was any spurious citizen from having his name entered
considered as honourable a death as that on the in the new registers. (Dem. 1. c. p. 1306.)
field of battle. (Compare Miiller's Dor. ii. 9. ~ 6. It is commonly believed that the &6a'ptoiLs was
note k, and iv. 5. ~ 8., note c.; Malso, Spasta, i. 2. introduced at Athens in B. c. 419, by one Demop. 183.) [L. S.] philus. (Schiimann, De Conzitiis, p. 358, transl.;
DIA'NOMAE (8tavooflaL) or DIA'DOSEIS Wachsmuth, IHellenz. Alterthumzsk. vol. i. p. 549,
(ameasodeLs) were public donations to the Athenian 211d ed.) But it has justly been remarked by
people, which corresponded to the Roman coangiiica. Siebelis on Philochorus (Fraglin. p. 61 ), that
[CoNGIAnRIUs.] To these belong the free distri- JHarpocration (s. v. 3amSahrmxts), the apparent anbutions of corn (Aristoph. Vesp. 715), the cleru- thority for this supposition, cannot be interpreted
chiae [COLONIA (Greek)], the revenues friom the in this sense. One aiaOqbiolts is mentioned by
mines, and the money of the theorica. [T1E:O- Plutarch (Peric. 37) as early as B. c. 445. ClinRICON.] ton ( I. /I-. ii. p. 141) has, moreover, shown that
DIAPSE'PHISIS (&lae himo's), a political in- the &ia;piqolers umentioned by H-arpocration, in the
stitution at Athens, the object of which was to pre- archonship of Archias, does not belong to B. c. 419,
vent aliens, or such as were the offspring of an but to B.c. 3:17. Compare Ilermatnn, M11anual of the
unlawful marriage, from assuming the rights of Pol. Ant. of Greece, ~ 123. n. 14, &c.; and Schicitizens. As usurpations of this kind were not mlann, 1. c., whose lengthened account, however,
uncommon at Athens (Plut. PericE. 37; Harpocr. should be read with great care, as he makes some
s. V.?roraum6s), various measures had been adopted statements which seem to be irreconcilable with
against them (ypa(pal e evas and &opoterias); but each other, anld not founded onl good authority.
as none of them had the desired effect, a new me- Tile source from which we derive most information
thod, the nPa~O7& o-s was devised, according to on this subject is the oration of Demosthenes against
which the trial on spurious citizens was to be held Eubemlides. [L. S.]
by the demotae, within whose deme inItruders were' DIA'RIUM. [SEavus.1
suspected to exist; for if each deme separately was DIA'SIA (ldacia), a great festival celebrated at
kept clear of intruders, the wvhole body of citizens Athens, without the walls of the city (byos T7is
would naturally feel the benefit. Every deme orAXEws), in honour of Zeus, surnamed MemAIXior
therefore obtained the light or duty at certain (Thuc. i. 126). The whole people took part in
times to revise its lexiarchic registers, and to ascer- it, and the wealthier citizens offered victims (sepEa),
tain llwhether any had entered their names who had while the poorer classes burnt such incense as their
no claims to the rights of citizens. The assembly country furnished (gSUmaTa Crxciplma), which the
of the demotaec, in which these investigations took scholiast on Thucydides erroneously explainis as
place. was held under the presidency of the de- cakes in the shape of animals. (Compare Xen.
march. or siome senator belonging to the deme Anab. vii. 8. ~ 4; Lucina Ti7n. 7; Aristoe;p