Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

DIADEMA. DIAETETICA 395
applied to the purposes of war. Livy mentions a patra in Egypt. (Florus, iv. 11.) Aelian says
troop of horse in the Numidian army, in which (V. H. vi. 38) that the kings of that country l ad
each soldier was supplied with a couple of horses, the figure of an asp upon their diadems. In proand in the heat of battle, and when clad in ar- cess of time the sculptors placed the diadema
mour, would leap with the greatest ease and cele- on the head of Zeus, and various other divinities
rity from that which was wearied or disabled upon besides Dionysus; and it was also gradually asthe back of the horse which was still sound and sumed by the sovereigns of the Western world.
fresh. (xxiii. 29). The Scythians, Armenians, and It was tied behind in a bow; whence Tacitus
some of the Indians, were skilled in the same art. (Ann. vi. 37) speaks of the Euphrates rising in
The annexed woodcut shows three figures of waves " white with foam, so as to resemble a diadesultores, one from a bronze lamp, published by dem." By the addition of gold and gems, and by
Bartoli (Antiche Lucerne Sepolcrali, i. 24), the a continual increase in richness, size, and splenothers from coins. In all these the rider wears a dour, this bandage was at length converted into
pileus, or cap of felt, and his horse is without a the crown which has been for many centuries the
saddle; but these examples prove that he had the badge of sovereignty in modern Europe. [J. Y.]
use both of the whip and the rein. On the coins DIADICA'SIA (8maSLtcaaei), in its most exwe also observe the wreath and palm-branch as tended sense is a mere synonym of 1ric/: techniensigns of victory. [J. Y.] cally, it denotes the proceedings in a contest for
preference between two or more rival parties; as,
for instance, in the case of several claiming to
succeed as heirs or legatees to the estate of a deceased person. Upon an occasion of this kind, it
will be observed that, as all the claimants are
similarly situated with respect to the subject of
dispute, the ordinary classification of the litigants
as plaintiffs and defendants becomes no longer applicable. This, in fact, is the essential distinction
between the proceedings in question and all other
suits in which the parties appear as immediately
opposed to each other; but as far as forms are concerned, we are not told that they were peculiarly
I 07, \\ //// characterised. Besides the case above mentioned,
there are several others to be classed with it in
respect of the object of proceedings being an absolute acquisition of property. Among these are
to be reckoned the claims of private creditors upon
a confiscated estate, and the contests between informers claiming rewards proposed by the state for
\ the discovery of crimes, &c., as upon the occasion
of the mutilation of the Hermae (Andoc. 14) and
__ghl=S>. j X n } \z~fi* uSthe like. The other class of causes included under
_____AR i I'? - the general term consists of cases like the antidosis
of the trierarchs [ANTIDOSIS], contests as to who
was to be held responsible to the state for public
DETESTA'TIO SACRORUM. [G0ENS.] property alleged to have been transferred on one
DEVERSO'RIUM. [CAUPONA.] hand and denied on the other (as in Dem. c.
DEUNX. [As, p. 140, b; LIBRA.] Eveerg. et ll/[?es.), and questions as to who should
DEXTANS. [As, p. 140, b; LIBRA.] undertake a choregia, and masny others, in which
DIABATE'RIA (ieaCaTipia), a sacrifice of- exemptions from personal or pecuniary liabilities
fered to Zeus and Athena by the kings of Sparta, to the state were the subject of claim by rival
upon passing the frontiers of Lacedaemon with parties. In a diadicasia, as in an ordinary a3iey,
the command of an army. If the victims were the proper court, the presiding magistrate, and the
unlfavourable, they disbanded the army and re- expenses of the trial, mainly depended upon the
turned home. (Xen. De Rep. Lac. xi. 2; Thuc. peculiar object of the proceedings, and present no
v. 54, 55, 116.) leading characteristics for discussion under the
DIADE'MA (dl.3oada ), a white fillet used to general term. (Platner, Process und KlacWen, ii.
encircle the head (fiescia alba, Val. Max. vi. 2. p. 17. s. 9.) [DIKE.] [J. S. M.]
~ 7). The invention of this ornament is by Pliny DIADOSEIS (&a54&eisz.) [DIANOMSA.]
(vii. 57) attributed to c" Liber Pater." Diodorus DIAETA. [Domsus.]
Siculus adds (iv. p. 250, Wessel.), that he wore it DIAETE'TICA, or DIAETE'TICE (8LarrTto assuage headache, the consequence of indulgence r'lack), one of the principal branches into which
in wine. Accordingly, in works of ancient art, Dio- the ancients divided the art and science of medinysus wears a plain bandage on his head, as shown cine. [MEDICINA.] The word is derived from
in the cut under CANTHARUS. The decoration BLalna, which meant much the same as our word
is properly Oriental. It is commonly represented diet. It is defined by Celsus (De Medic. Praefat.
on the heads of Eastern monarchs. Justin (xii. 3) in lib. i.) to signify that part of medicine quae
relates that Alexander the Great adopted the large victu nrzedetfur, " which cures diseases by means of
diadem of the kings of Persia, the ends of which regimen and diet;" and a similar explanation is
fell upon the shoulders, and that this mark of roy- given by Plato (ap. Diog. Lai'rt. iii. 1. ~ 85.)
alty was preserved by his successors. Antony Taken strictly in this sense, it would correspond
asslnmed it in his luxurious intercourse with Cleo- very nearly with the modern dietetics, and this is