Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

382 DA.EDALA. DAMIARETION.
of a cymbalistria is taken from an ancient marble, place at shorter intervals, though he was unabie
and given on the authority of Lampe. to discover the exact time.
The cymbal was a very ancient instrument, This festival was celebrated by the Plataceans
being used in the worship of Cybele, Bacchus, alone, and was called the lesser Daedala (AaiSaxa
Juno, and all the earlier deities of the Grecian and puLrcpa), and was celebrated in the following manRoman mythology. It probably came from the ner: — In the neighbourhood of Alalcomene was
East, from whence, through the Phoenicians, it was the greatest oak-forest of Boeotia, and in it a
conveyed to Spain (compare Martial's Baetica number of oak trunks.' Into this forest the PlaCrumnata). Among the Jews it appears (from taeans went, and exposed pieces of cooked meat to
2 Chron. v. 12, 13; Nehem. xii. 27) to have been the ravens, attentively watching upon which tree
an instrument in common use. At Rome we first any of the birds, after taking a piece of the meat,
hear of it in Livv's account of the Bacchic orgies, would settle; and the trees on which any of the
which were introduced from Etruria. (xxxix. 9.) ravens settled, were cut down and worked into
For sistrnam, which some have referred to the daedala, i. e. roughly hewn statues.
class of cyn5ala, see SISTRaiM. [B. J.] The great Daedla (AlaiaXa ~eyaXa), in the
CYRBEIS (KSpPlel). [AXONES.] celebration of which the Platacans were joined by
CYZICE'NUS OECUS. [DoMus]. the other Boeotians, took place every sixtieth year;
CYZICE NUS NUMMUS. [STATER]. because at one time when the Plataeans were absent from their country, the festival had not been
celebrated for a period of sixty years. At each of
D. the lesser Daedala fourteen statues were made int
the manner described above, and distributed by lot
DACTYLIOTHE'CA (8aK TvuXo{vK7),acase or among the towns of Plataeae, Coroneia, Thespiae,
box where rings were kept. (Mart. xi. 59.) The Tanagra, Chaeroneia, Orchomenos, Lebadeia, and
name was also applied to a cabinet or collection of Thebes; the smaller towns took one statue in
jewels. We learn from Pliny (H. N. xxxvii. 5), common. The Boeotians assembled on the banks
that Scaurus, the step-son of Sulla, was the first of the Asopus; here a statue of Hera was adorned
person at Rome who had a collection of this kind, and raised on a chariot, and a young bride led the
and that his was the only one till Pompey brought procession. The Boeotians then decided by lot
to Rome the collection of Mithridates, which he in what order they were to form the procession,
placed in the capitol. and drove their chariots away from the river and
DA'CTYLUS (daCruXeoS), a Greek measure, up mount Cithaeron, on the summit of which an
answering to the Roman diyitus, each signifying a altar was erected of square pieces of wood, fitted
finger-breadth, and being the sixteenth part of a together like stones. This altar was covered with
foot. [PEs.] (See the Tables.) [P. S.] a quantity of dry wood, and the towns, persons of
DADU'CHUS. [ELEUSINIA.] rank, and other wealthy individuals, offered each
DAE'DALA or DAEDALEIA (ai'aXAa, Sal- a heifer to Hera, and a bull to Zeus, with plenty
8aXsa), were names used by the Greeks to sig- of wine and incense, and at the same time placed
nify those early works of art which were ascribed the daedala upon the altar. For those who did
to the age of Daedalus, and especially the ancient not possess sufficient means, it was customary to
wooden statues, ornamented with gilding and offer small sheep, but all their offerings were burnt
bright colours and real drapery, which were the in the same manner as those of the wealthier perearliest known forms of the images of the gods, sons. The fire consumed both offerings and altar,
after the mere blocks of wood or stone, which and the immense flame thus kindled was seen far
were at first used for symbols of them. (See and wide.
Diet. of Greek and Roman Biog., art. Daedalus,'l'he account of the origin of the daedala given
vol. i. p. 928.) [P. S.] by Pausanias agrees in the main points with the
DAE'DALA (halhaXa), a festival, celebrated in story related by Plutarch (apud Ezuseb. De PraeBoeotia in honour of Hera, surnamed Nmu.pesuo/uten parat. Evang. iii. p. 83, and 1'raemn. p. 759, &c.
or TAep'a (Paus. ix. 2. ~ 5). Its origin and mode ed. W]yttenb.), who wrote a work on the Plataeanof celebration are thus described by Pausanias (ix. daedala; the only difference is that Plutarch re3. ~ 1, &c.):-Hera was once angry with Zeus, and presents Zeus as receiving his advice to deceive
withdrew herself to Euboea. Zeus not being able Hera from Alalcomenes; and that he calls the
to persuade her to return, went to Cithaeron, who wooden statue by which the goddess was to be dethen governed Plataeae, and who was said to be ceived Daedala, instead of Plataea. Plutarch also
unequalled in wisdom. He advised Zeus to get a adds some remarks respecting the meaning of the
wooden statue, to dress and place it upon a chariot, festival, and thinks that the dispute between Zeus
and to say that it was Plataea, the daughter of and Hera had reference to the physical revolutions
Asopus, whom he was going to marry. Zeus fol- to which Boeotia, at a very remote period, had
lowed the advice of Cithaeron, and no sooner had been subject, and their reconciliation to the restorHera heard of her husband's projected marriage ation of order in the elements. (See Creuzer,
than she returned. But when, on approaching the Symnbol. und Mythol. ii. p. 580, and Miiller's Orchariot and dragging off the coverings, she saw the chone. p. 216, &c. 2d edit.) [L. S.]
wooden statue, she was pleased with the device, DAMARE'TION (Aayap'etlor, XppSooiov), a
and became reconciled to Zeus. In remembrance Sicilian coin, respecting which there is much disof this reconciliation the Plataeans solemnised the pute. Diodorus tells us (xi. 26) that after Gelon's
festival of the daedala, which owes its name to great victory over the Carthaginians at Himera, his
AaiahAa, the name by which, in ancient times, wife Damarete prevailed upon him to grant them
statues were designated. (See preceding article.) moderate terms of peace; and that the Cartha.
Pausanias was told that the festival was held ginians, as a token of their gratitude, presented
every seventh year, but he believes that it took Damearete with a golden crown of one hundred