Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

376 CURATOR. CU RATORES.
in not being, like the auctoritas, nrcessary to the keldey, LedrSulch des leeutigen RTMoiselsens RecUts,
completion of the legal act, but- merely necessary ~ 588, &c. (12th ed.); Thibhaut, Systesl des Panto remove all legal oljections to it when com- dekten-Recdis, ~ 786, &c. 9th ed. &c.) [G. L.]
pleted. CURATO'RES, were public officers of various
The cura of spendthrifts and persons of unsound kinds under the Roman empire, several of whom
mind, as already observed, owed its origin to the were first established by Augustus. (Suet. Aug.
laws of the Twelve Tables. The technical word 37.) The most imnportanlt of them were as folfor a person of unsound mind in the Twelve Tables low: —
is furiosus, which is equivalent to lemens; and 1. CunATOREs ALvEI ET RIPARUM, who had
both words are distinguished -'rom i2san2s. Though the charge of the navigation of the Tiber. The
furor implies violence in conduct, and demeantia only duties of their office may be gathered from Ulpian
slenltal inbecilit, there was no legal difference be- (Dig. 43. tit. 15). It was reckoned very honourtween the two terms, so far as concerned the cura. able, and the persons who filled it received afterInsanzia is merely weakness of understanding wards the title of comites.
(stzltiiia constantia, id est, sac late vacacns, Cic. Tusc. 2. CURATORES ANNONAE, who purchased corn
Quazest. iii. 5), and it was not provided for by the and oil for the state, and sold it again at a small
laws of the Twelve Tables. In later times, the price among the poorer citizens. They were also
praetor appointed a curator for all persons whose called curatoses esendi frsumezti et olei, and
infirmities required it. This law of the Twelve emm-vaa and cXac&Yal. (Dig. 50. tit. 5. s. 18. ~ 5.)
Tables did not apply to a pupillus or pupilla. If, Their office belonged to the personalia munera;
therefore, a pupillus was of unsound mind, the that is, it did not require any expenditure of a
tutor was his curator. If an agnatus was the person's private property: but the curatores recurator of a furiosus, he had the power of alien- ceived from the state a sufficient sum of money to
ating the property of the furiosus. (GaiRs, ii. 64.) purchase the required amount. (Dig. 50. tit. 8.
The prodigus only received a curator upon appli- s. 9. ~ 5.)
cation being made to a magistratus, and a sentence 3. CURATORES AQUAtRUt. [AQU.-JE Ducof interdiction being pronounced against him (ei TUS.]
bonis interclictu7 est. Compare Cic. De Senec. c. 7). 4. CURATORES K.ALENrDARII, who had the
The form of the interdictio was thus: -" Quando care in municipal towns of the calendaria; that is,
tibi bona paterna avitaque nequitia tua disperdis, the books which contained the names of the perliberosque tuos ad egestatem perducis, ob cam rem sons to whom public money, which was not wanted
tibi ea re commercioque interdico." The cura of for the ordinary expenses of the town, was lent on
the prodigus continued till the interdict was dis- interest. The office belonged to the personalia
solved. It might be inferred from the form of the nmunera. (Dig. 50. tit. 4. s. 18. ~ 2; tit. 8. s. 9.
interdict, that it was limited to the case of per- ~ 7; Heinecc. Antiq. Room. iii. 15. ~ 4.) These
soins who had children; but perhaps this was not officers are mentioned in inscriptions found in muso. (Dig. 27. tit. 10; Cod. 5. tit. 70; Inst. i. nicipal towns. (Orelli, Is2sc-ip. No. 3940, 4491.)
tit. 23.) 5. CURATORES LUDORUIAs, who had the care of
It will appear from what has been said, that, the public games. Persons of rank appear to have
"whatever similarity there may be between a tutor been usually appointed to this office. (Tacit. Ann.
and a curator, an essential distinction lies in this, xi. 35, xiii. 22; Suet. Cal. 27.) In inscriptions,
that the curator was specially the guardian of pro- they are usually called czratores muneris gladiaperty, though in the case of a furiosus he must torii, &c.
also have been the guardian of the person. A 6. CURATORES OPERuIJ PUBLICORUM, who
curator must, of course, be legally qualified for his had the care of all public buildings, such as the
functions, and he was bound, when appointed, to theatres, baths, aquaeducts, &c., and agreed with
accept the duty, unless he had some legal exemp- the contractors for all necessary repairs to them.
tion (excuzsatio). The curator was also bound to Their duties under the republic were discharged
account at the end of the curatela, and was liable by the aediles and censors. [CENSORES.] They
to an action for misconduct. are frequently mentioned in inscriptions. (Orelli,
The word cura has also other legal applications: Inscrip. No. 24, 1506, 2273.)
- 1. Cura bonorzumn, in the case of the goods of a 7. CURATORES REGIONUM, who had the care
debtor, which are secured for the benefit of his of the fourteen districts into which Rome was
creditors. 2. Cure bonorumn et ventris, in the case divided, and whose duty it was to prevent all
of a woman being pregnant at the death of her disorder and extortion in their respective dishusband. 3. Crsc alereditcatis, in case of a dispute tricts. This office was first instituted by Augusas to who is the heres of a person, when his sup- tus. (Suet. Aug. 30.) There were usually two offiposed child is under age. 4. Czura eredilatis cers of this kind for each district; Alexander
jacedtis, in the case of a property, when the heres Severus, however, appears to have appointed only
had not yet declared whether or not he would ac- one for each; but these were persons of consular
cept the inheritance. 5. Csra boneorum absentis, in rank, who were to have jurisdiction in conjunction
the case of property of an absent person who had with the praefectus urbi. (Lamprid. 4lex. Sev. 33.)
appointed no manager of it. We are told that MA. Antonirals, among other
This view of the curatela of minors is from an regulations, gave special directions that the curaessay by Savigny, who has handled the whole tores regionum should either punish, or bring
matter in a way equally adlnirable, both for the before the praefectus urbi for punishment, all perscientific precision of the method and the force and sons who exacted from the inhabitants more than
hperspicuity of the language. (V on dent Schulz der the legal taxes. (Jul. Capitol. 11k. Anton. 12.)
Mlinclderjii/riyen, Zeitschnlif vol. x.; Savigny, Veon 8. CURATORES REIPUBLICAE, also called LoBesrzs; &c. p. 102; Gains, i. 197; Ulp. Frac. xii.; GISTAE, who administered the landed property
Dirks.n, Uebersicht, &c. Tab. v. FraPg. 7; Mac- of municipia. (Dig. 50. tit. 8. s. 9. ~ 2; 2. tit. 14