Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

g72 C'UB'pIT'US. CUDO.
their masters to deat!l, as was the calse durinl arndi the Greek cubit a little more, thal a foot and a
after the earthquake in Laconia, it assumed the half English. The cubit was divided by the
barbarous and atrocious character which we have Greeks into 2 spans (o'rLOaeyat), 6 hand-breadths
described above. (Compare Plut. Lyc. 28, sub fin.) (raXnalfrtar), and 24 finger breadths (BilrTvXAo),
If the crypteia had taken place annually, and at a and by the Romans into 1 - feet, 6 breadths (palb i),
fixed time, wve should, indeed, have reason, with and 24 thumb-breadths (pollices). (Wmurm, De
Miiller, to wonder why the helots, who in many Pond. Mens. &c.; Hussey, On Ancient Veigq/hts,
districts lived entirely alone, and were united by &c., see the Tables.) Respecting the Egyptian
despair for the sake of common protection, did not and other cubits, see Bickh,,letrol. Untersuclh.
every year kindle a most bloody and determined p. 211. [P. S.]
war throughout the whole of Laconia; but Plutarch, CUBUS, a vessel, the sides of which were
the only authority on which this supposition can formed by six equal squares (including the top),
rest, does not say that the crypteia took place each square having each of its sides a foot long.
every year, but Ba' Xpovou, i. e. "at intervals," or The solid contents of the cube were equal to the
occasionally. (Hermann, ad Viger. p. 856.) The amphora. (Rhem. Fann. De Peon, &c. v. 59difficulties which Miiller finds in what he calls the 62; METrETES). Ilu Greek K~os is the equivacommon account of the crypteia, are thus, in our lent of the Latin TESSEIRA. [P. S.]
opinion, removed, and it is no longer necessary to CUCULLUS, a cowl. As the cowl was inseek their solution in the description given by tended to be used in the open air, and to be drawn
Plato (De Leq. i. p. 633, vi. p. 763), who pro- over the head to protect it from the injuries of the
posed for his Cretan colony a similar institution weather, instead of a hat or cap, it was attached
under the name of crypteia. Fromn the known only to garments of the coarsest kind. Its form is
partiality of Plato for Spartan institutions, and his seen attached to the dress of the shepherd in the
inclination to represent them in a favourable light, annexed woodcut, which is taken from a gem in
it will be admitted that, on a subject like this, his the Florentine cabinet, and represents a Roman
evidence will be of little weight. And when he shepherd looking at the she-wolf with Romulus
adopted the name crypteia for his institution, it and Remus. The cucullus was also used by perby no means follows that he intended to make it
in every respect similar to that of Sparta; a partial
resemblance was sufficient to transfer the name of
the Spartan institution to that which he proposed
to establish; and it is sufficiently clear, from his A
own words, that his attention was more particularly directed to the advantages which young soldiers might derive from such hardships as the
Kp7r-0 hind to undergo But even Plato's colony - 7i
would not have been of a -very humane character,:;,,,i) -
as his ircpr-roi were to go out in arms and make 1
free use of the slaves. rL S.] /
CRYPTOPO RTICUS. [CRYPTA.] ___
CUBICULA'RII, were slaves who had the
care of the sleeping and dwelling rooms. Faithful sons in the higher circles of society, when they
slaves were always selected for this office, as they wished to go abroad without being known. (Juv.
had, to a certain extent, the care of their master's vi. 330.) The use of the cowl, and also of the
person. When Julius Caesar was taken by the cape [BIRRus], which served the same purpose,
pirates, he dismissed all his other slaves and was allowed to slaves by a law in the Codex Theoattendants, only retaining with him a physician dosianus. (Vossius, Etyml. Ling. Lat. s. v. Biinus.)
and two cubicularii. (Suet. Cites. 4 ) It was the Cowls were imported into Italy from Saintes in
duty of the cubicularii to introduce visiters to their France (Santonico cucullo, Juv. viii. 145; Schol.
master (Cic. ad Att. vi. 2. ~ 5, in Verr. iii. 4); in loc.), and from the country of the Bardaei in
for which purpose they appear to have usually re- Illyria. (Jul. Cap. Pertinenx, 8.) Those from the
mained in an ante-roomr (Suet. Tib. 21, Dose. 16). latter locality were probably of a peculiar fashion,
-Under the later emperors, the cubicularii belong- which gave origin to the term Bardocucullus.
ing to the palace were calledpraepositisctero cubicelo, Liburnici cculli are mentioned by Martial (xi,;
and were persons of high rank. (Cod. 12, tit. 5.) 139.) [J. Y.]
CUBI'CULTIVI, usually means a sleeping and CUDO or CUDON, a skull-cap, made of leather
dwelling room in a Roman house [DoMss], but is or of the rough shaggy fur of any wild animal
also applied to the pavilion or tent in which the (Sil. Ital. viii. 495, xvi. 59), such as were worn
Roman emperors were accustomed to witness the by the velites of the Roman armies (Polyb. vi. 20),
public games. (Suet. NAes. 12; Plin. Paneg. 51.) and apparently synonymous with galemrs (Virg.
It appears to have been so called, because the Aen. vii. 688) or galericldus. (Frontin. Stsategemz.
emperors were accustomed to recline in the cubicula, iv. 7. ~ 29.) In the sculptures on the Column of
instead of sitting, as was anciently the practice, in Trajan, some of the Roman soldiers are reprea sella curtilis. (Ernesti, ad Suet. 1. c.) sented with the skin of a wild beast drawn over
CU:BIITUS (ryXuvs), a measureoflengthused by the head, in such a manner that the face appears
the Greeks, Romans, and other nations, was origi- between the upper and lower jaws of the animal,
nally the length of the human arm from the elbow while the rest of the skin falls down behind over
to the wrist, or to the tip of the forefinger; the the back and shoulders, as described by Virgil
latter was its signification among the Greeks and (iAen. vii. 666). This, however, was an extra deRomans. It was equal to a foot and a half; and fence (Polyb. 1. c.), and must not be taken for the
therefore the Roman cubit was a little less, and. cudo, which was the cap itself; that is, a particular