Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

362 CORONA. CORONA.
parties, were still subjected to certain legal re- acquired a crown might have it placed upoll his
strictions in respect of the time, place, and mode in head when carried out in the funeral procession.
which they were conferred. They could not be (Cic. De Leg. ii. 24; Plin. H. N. xxi. 5.) Garpresented but in the public assemblies, and with lands of flowers were also placed upon the bier, or
the consent, that is by suffrage, of the people, or scattered from the windows under which the proby the senators in their council, or by the tribes cession passed (Plin. H.l~ xxi. 7; Dionys. xi. 39),
to their own members, or by the Vtxs&dai to mem- or entwined about the cinerary urn (Plut. Varcell.
bers of their own 3aeuos. According to the state- 30, Degnetr. 53), or as a decoration to the tomb
ment of Aeschines, the people could not lawfully (Plin. H. N. xxi. 3; Ovid. Trist. iii. 2. 82; Tibull.
present crowns in any place except in their as- ii. 4. 48). In Greece these crowns were commonly
sembly, nor the senators except in, the senate- made of parsley (eiLvo). (Suidas, s. v.; Plut.
house; nor, according to the samne authority, in Timol. 26.)
the theatre, which is, however, denied by De- III. CORONA CONVIVIALIS. The use of chapmosthenes; nor at the public games, and if any lets at festive entertainments sprung likewise from
crier there proclaimed the crowns he was subject Greece, and owe their origin to the practice of
to &e7rtxa. Neither could any person holding an tying a woollen fillet tight round the head, for the
office receive a crown whilst he was v7rredOv'os, purpose of mitigating the effects of intoxication.
that is, before he had passed his accounts. But (Comp. Plaut. Asnphl. iii. 4. 16.) But as luxury
crowns were sometimes presented by foreign cities increased they were made of various flowers or
to particular citizens, which were termed or-eTpcYoL shrubs, such as were supposed to prevent intoxica-,evitcOil, coronae hiospitales. This, however, could tion; of roses (which were the choicest), violets,
not be done until the ambassadors from those cities myrtle, ivy, phlilyra, and even parsley. (Hor.
had obtained permission from the people, and the Carm. ii. 7. 24, et alibi.) The Romans were not
party for whom the honour was intended had un- allowed to wear these crowns in public, " in usu
dergone a public investigation, in which the whole promiscuo," which was contrary to the practice of
course of his life was submitted to a strict inquiry. the Greeks, and those who attempted to do so
(Aesch. Dem. 11. cc.) were punished with imprisonment. (Plin. H. N.
We now proceed to the second class of crowns, xxi. 6; compare Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 256; Val. Max.
which were emblematical and not honorary, at vi. 9. ext. 1.)
least to the person who wore them, and the adop- IV. CORONA NUPTsALS. The bridal wreath
tion of which was not regulated by law, but (orfipeos yafXtorov, Bion. Idyll. i. 88) was also of
custom. Of these there were also several kinds. Greek origin, among whom it was made of flowers
I. CORONA SACERDOTALIS, SO called by Am- plucked by the bride herself, and not bought,
mianus Marcellinus (xxix. 5. ~ 6). It was worn which was of ill omen. Among the Romans it
by the priests (sacerdotes), with the exception of was made of verbena, also gathered by the bride
the pontifex Maximus and his minister (camillus), herself, and worn under theflammeunm (Festus, s. v.
as well as the bystanders, when officiating at the Corolla) with which the bride was always ensacrifice. It does not appear to have been confined veloped. (Catull. lxi. 6. 8; Cic. De Orat. iii. 58.)
to any one material, but was sometimes made of The bridegroom also wore a chaplet. (Plaut. Cas.
olive (see the preceding woodcut; Stat. T/ieb. iii. iv. 1. 9.) The doors of his house were likewise
466), sometimes of gold (Prudent. Inept rT-p. x. decorated with garlands (Catull. lxiv. 294; Juv.
1011; Tertull. De Idol. 18), and sometimes of the Sat. vi. 51, 227), and also the bridal couch.
ears of corn, then termed corona spicea, which kind V. CORONA NATALITIA, the chaplet suspended
was the most ancient one amongst the Romans over the door of the vestibule, both in the houses
(Plin. H. N. xviii. 2), and was consecrated to of Athens and Rome. in which a child was born.
Ceres (Hor. Carm. Sec. 30; Tibull. ii. 1. 4, i. 1. 15), (Juv. Sat. ix. 85; Meursius, Attic. Leet. iv. 10.)
before whose temples it was customarily suspended. At Athens, when the infant was male, the crown
(Tibull. i. 1. 16; compare Apul. Met. vi. p. 110. was made of olive; when female, of wool (Hesych.
Varior.) It was likewise regarded as an emblem s. u.'rfepavos); at Rome it was of laurel, ivy, or
of peace (Tibull. i. 10. 67), in which character it parsley (Bartholin. De Puesp. p. 127).
appears in the subjoined medal, which comme- Besides the crowns enumerated, there were a
morates the conclusion of the civil war between few others of specific denominations, which reAntony and D. Albinus Brutus. ceived their names either from the materials of
which, or the manner in which, they were composed. These were -
I. CORONA LONGA (Cic. De Leg. 24; Ovid,
Fast. iv. 738), commonly thought to resemble
what we call festoons, and as such seem to have
c',9g/RA!LE-vW\&ffih\1} > been chiefly used to decorate tombs, curule chairs,
W B R u3rTIE~TF' triumphal cars, houses, &c. But the word must
have had a more precise meaning, and was probably called lonqa from its greater size, and meant
a circular string of anything, like the "rosary"
used by the lower orders in Catholic countries to
reckon up their prayers, which in Italy is still
II. CORONA FUNEBRIS amd SEPULCHRALIS. called la corona, doubtless tracing its origin to the
The Greeks first set the example of crowning the corona longa of their heathen ancestors, to which
dead with chaplets of leaves and flowers (Eur. description it answers exactly.
Phoen. 1647; Schol. ad loc.), which was imitated II. CORONA ETRUSCA, a golden crown made to
by the Romans. It was also provided by a law imitate the crown of oak leaves, studded with
of the Twelve Tables, that any person who had gems, and decorated with ribbons (lennisci) or