Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

360 CORONA. CORONA.
him that deference which be would be compelled of the entire bow, as shown in the subjoined wood-'.
to pay to his preserver if the claim were established. cut. (Guichard. De Antiq. riumzph. p. 267.)
(Cic. Pro Planc. 30.) Originally, therefore, the
corona civica was presented by the rescued soldier
(Aul. Gell. v. 6; Polyb. vi. 37), after the claim
had been thoroughly investigated by the tribune
who compelled a reluctant party to came forward
and give his evidence (Polyb. 1. c.); but under
the empire, when the prince was the fountain from 0
whence all honours emanated, the civic crown was
no longer received fiom the hands of the person
whose preservation it rewarded, but from the prince
himself or his delegate. (Tacit. Ann. xv. 12
compare iii. 2.)
The preservation of the life of an ally, even The Athenians likewise bestowed golden crowns
though lie were a king, would not confer a suffi- for naval services; sometimes upon the person who
cient title for the civic crown. When once ob- got his trireme first equipped, and at others upon
tained, it might always be worn. The soldier who the captain who had his vessel in the best order.
had acquired it, had a place reserved next to the (Dem. De Coron. Praef. Nav. pp. 278, 279. ed.
senate at all the public spectacles; and they, as Schaefer.)
well as the rest of the companqy.rose up upon his IV. CORONA MURALIS. The first man who
entrance. He was freed fro m all public burthens, scaled the wall of a besieged city was presented
as were also his father, and his paternal grand- by his commander with a mural crown. (Aul. Gell.
father; and the person who owed his life to him v. 6. 4; Liv. xxvi. 48.) I.t was made of gold, and
was bound, ever after, to cherish his preserver as decorated with turrets (muri pinnis, Aul. Gell. 1. c.))
a parent, and afford him all such offices as were as represented in the next woodcut (Guichard.
due from a son to his father. (Polyb. vi. 37; Cic. D Anai. Triulnph. p. 265) and being one of the
Pro Plano. 30; Plin. H. N. xvi. 5; Aul. Gell. v. 6.) highest orders of military decorations, was not
A few of the principal persons who gained this awarded to a claimant until after a strict investireward, are enumerated in the following pas- gotion. (Liv. 1. c.; compare.Suet. Aug. 25.)
sages: -Plin. H1.. vii. 29, xvi. 5; Liv. vi. 20;
x. 46. L. Gellimss Publicola proposed to confer it
upon Cicero for having detected and crushed the
conspiracy of Catiline (Aul. Gell. v. 6); and among
the honours bestowed upon Augustus by the senate, X'
it was decreed that a civic crown should be sus- -
pended from the top of his house (Dion Cass. liii.
16; Val. Max. ii. 8. fin.; Ovid. Fast. i. 614, iv.
953, Trist. iii. 1. 6; Senec. Clem. i. 26; Suet.
Calyg. 19, compare Claud. 17, Tib. 26); hence a
crown of oak leaves, with the inscription ob cives
servatos, is frequently seen on the reverse of the Cybele is always represented with this crown
Augustan medals, as also on those of Galba, Vi- upon her head (Lucret. ii. 607, 610; Ovid. Fast.
tellius, Vespasian, Trajan, &c., showing that they iv. 219; compare Virg. Aen. x. 253, vi. 786);
likewise assumed to themselves a similar honour. but in the woodcut annexed (Caylus, Recueil
III. CORONA NAVALIS or ROSTRATA, called d'Antiq. vol. v. pl. 3) the form of the crown is
also CLASSICA. (Vell. Pat. ii. 81.) It is difficult very remarkable, for it includes the whole toweras
to determine whether these were two distinct well as the turrets, thus affording a curious specimen
crowns, or only two denominations for the same of the ancient style of fortification.
one. Virgil (Aen. viii. 684) unites both terms in
one sentence, " Tempora navali fulgent rostrata
corona." But it seems probable that the former,
besides being a generic term. was inferior in dignity
to the latter, and given to the sailor who first
boarded an enemy's ship (Plin. H.N. xvi. 3);
whereas the latter was given to a commander who
destroyed the whole fleet, or gained any very
signal victory. M. Agrippa is said to have been
the first person who received the honour of a naval
crown, which was conferred upon himn on his conquest of Sex. Pompeius in B.c. 3-6; though, according to other authorities, M. Varro was the first
who obtained it from Pompeius Magnus. (Comp.
Vell. Pat. 1. c.; Liv. Epit. 129; Dion Cass. xlix.
14; AnJ. Gell. v. 6; Senec. De Ben. iii. 32
Festus, s. v. Navalis Corona; Plin. H.N. viii. 31, V. CORONA CASTRENSIS or VALLARIS. The
xvi. 4; Suet, Clacud. 17.) At all events, they first soldier who surmounted the vallum, and forced
were both made of gold; and one at least (rostrata) an entrance into the enemyls camp,,was, in like
decorated with the beaks of ships like the rostra in manner, presented with a golden crown, called
the forum (Plin. xvi. 4), as seen in a medal of corona.eastrensis or vallaris (Aul. Gell. v. 6;
Agrippa; the other (auvalis). with arepresentation: compare Val. Max. i. 8. ~ 6), which was.orna