Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

,COENA. COENA.:303
first. Hainel's discoveries also have added to our adapting the one to the other. Athenaeus (i. p. 8)
knowledge of the later books, and his edition of the who has entered fully into the subject, remrarks on
Ti'heodosian Code, Bonn, 1837, 4to, is the latest the singular simplicity of the Homeric banquets,
and the best. in which kings and private men all partake of the
The extract or epitome of the first five books in same food. It was common even for royal personthe Breviarium is very scanty; 262 laws, or frag- ages to prepare their own meals (11. ix. 206-218;
ments of laws, were omitted, which the discoveries compare Gen. xxvii. 31), and Ulysses (Od. xv.
of Clossius and Peyron reduced to 200. More re- 322) declares himself no mean proficient in the
cent discoveries by Carlo Baudi a Vesme at Turin culinary art -
will add to the 6th, 8th, 9th, 1 0th, and 16th books. rIIp T9 ed mnrloalt, taa 3 Se vAa aav&a Kcdcrat
The Novellae Constitutiones anterior to the time Aarpetp af Tre v eal r oxT7fat Kal ovoXoi77al.
of Justinian are collected in six books in the Jus
of Justinian are collected in six books in the Jus Three names of meals occur in the Iliad and Odyssey
Civile Antjetustinianeun, Berlin, 1815, and in
Htinel's more recent edition. -epie-ov, 3EO', 3oprov. This division of the
The commission of Theodosius was empowerec meals is ascribed, in a fragment of Aeschylus
to arrange the constitutiones according to their quoted by Athenaeus (i. p. 11), to Palamedes.
subject, and under each subject according to the The word uniformly means the early (
order of time; to separate those which con- 7o0i, Od. xvi. 2) as adpsros does the late meal; but
tained different matter, and to omit what was not 8ei7rvov, on the other hand, is used for either (II.
essential or superfluous. The arrangement of the. 381, d. xvii. 170), apparently without any
reference to time. We should be careful how-'Iheodosian code differs in the main front that of
the code of Justinian, which treats of jus ecclesi- ever, how we argue from the unsettled habits of a
asticum in the beginning, while that of Theodosius camp to the regular customs of ordinary life.
in the first book treats chiefly of offices; and the From numerous passages in the Iliad and Odyssey
second, third, fourth, and beginning of the fifth book it appears to have been usual to sit during ealtimes. In the palace of Telemachus, before eating
treat of jus privatum. The order here observed, t. In the palace of Telemachs, before eating
as well as in the code which it professed to follow
as a model, was the order of the writers on the stranger, the XEpve* or lustral water " in a golden
praetorian edict. The eighth book contains the pitcher, pouring it over a silver vessel." (Od. i.
laws as to gifts, the penalties of celibacy, and that 136.) Beef, mutton, and goat's flesh were the
relating to the jus lib-roruim. The ninth book ordinary meats, usually eaten roasted; yet from the
begins with crimes. The laws relating to the lies (II. XXi. 363)
Christian church are contained in the sixteenth s 6I hi EVLOY iresyivos s rpl 7orX,
and last book. It is obvious from the circum- K YiroJ tSijiEiYOS &CrEomoTpeie'os o'0iAoo,
stances under which the Theodosian and Justinian we learn that boiled meats were held to be far from
codes were compiled, and from a comparison of them, unsavoury. Cheese, flour, and occasionally fruits,
that the Justinian code was greatly indebted to the also formed part of the Homeric meals. Bread,
Theodosian. TheTheodosian code was also the basis brought on in baskets (II. ix. 217), and salt (&As,
of the edict of Theodoric king of the Ostrogoths; to which Homer gives the epithet re6os), are menit was epitomised, with an interpretation, in the tiolied: from Od. xvii. 455, the latter appears,
Visigoth Lex Romaiia [BREVIARIUM]; and the even at this early period, to have been a sign of
Burgundian Lex Romana, commonly called Papiani hospitality; in Od. xi. 122, it is the mark of a
Liber Responsorum, was founded upon it. [G. L.] strange people not to know its use.
CODICILLUS. [ConDEX.] Each guest appears to have had his own table,
CODON (icc8iwv),a bell. [TixTINNABULUUaI.] and he who wvas first in rank presided over the
COERMPTIO. [MATRInMONlJUM.] rest. Menelaus, at the marriage feast of Hermione,
COENA (6esrVoV), the principal meal of the begins the banquet by taking in his hands the side
Greeks and Romans, corresponding to our dinner, of a roasted ox and placing it before his friends,
rather than supper. As the meals are not always (Od. iv. 65.) At the same entertainment music
clearly distinguished, it will be convenient to give and dancing are introduced:- " The divine mina brief account of all of them under the present strel hymned to the sound of the lyre, and two
head. tumblers (KCv@t177mprP e) began the festive strain,
1. GREEK.-The materials for an account of wheeling round in the midst." It was not beneath
the Gieek meals, during the classical period of the notions of those early days to stimulate the
Athens and Sparta, are almost confined to in- heroes to battle (I1. xii. 311),
cidental allusions of Plato and the comic writers.
Several ancient authors, termed enrnvdAo~yoo, are.E:pr're, KpEaQlX Tr 3' 7rte ois ierro,
mentioned by Athenaeus; but, unfortunately, their and Ajax on his return from the contest with
writings only survive in the fragments quoted by Hector is presented by Agamemnon with the
him. His great work, the Deipnosophists, is an v'Cra e6veiera.
inexhaustible treasury of this kind of knowledge, The names of several articles of the festive board
but ill arranged, and with little attempt to dis- occur in the Iliad and Odyssey. Knives, spits,
tinguish the customs of different periods. cups of various shapes and sizes, bottles made of
The poems of Homer contain a real picture of goat-skin, casks, &c., are all mentioned. Many
early manners, in every way worthy of the anti- sorts of wine were in use among the heroes; some
qelarian's attention. As they stand apart from all of Nestor's is remarked on as being eleven years
other writings, it will be convenient to exhibit in old. The Maronean wine, so called from Maron,
one view the state of things which they describe. a hero, was especially celebrated, and would bear
It is not to be expected that the Homeric meals at mingling with twenty times its own quantity of
all agree with the customs of a later period; in- water. It may be observed that wine was seldom,
deed it would be a more waste of time to attempt if ever, drunk pure. When Nesteor and Machaon