Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CODEX. CODEX.;I01
3. A peculiar kind of door, through which the we find it also applied to the tablet on which a
wild beasts passed from their dens into the arena bill was written; and the tribune, Cornelius, when
of the amphitheatre. (Varr. De Re Rust. iii. 5. *one of his colleagues forbade his bill to be read by
~ 3.) It consisted of a circular cage, open on one the herald or scribe, read it himself (legit codiceem
side like a lantern, which worked upon a pivot soumm; see Cic. in Vat. 2, and Ascon. Ped. in
and within a shell, like the machines used in the Asgzum. ad Cornel. p. 58. ed. Orelli). At a still
convents and foundling hospitals of Italy, termed later period, during the time of the emperors, the
rote, so that any particular beast co-ld be removed word was used to express any collection of laws
fiom its den into the arena merely by turning it or constitutions of the emperors, whether made by
round, and without the possibility of more than private individuals or by public authority. See
one escaping at the same time; and therefore it is the following articles.
recommended by Varro (1. c.) as peculiarly adapted The diminutive codiciilns, or rather codicilli, was
for an aviary, so that the person could go in and used much in the same way as codex. It originally
out without affording the birds an opportunity of signified tablets of the kind described above, and
flying away. Schneider (in Ind. Script. R. R. s. v. was subsequently employed to indicate any small
Cavea), however, maintains that the cochlea in book or documnent, made either of parchment or
question was nothing more than a portcullis (cate- paper. (Cic. Phil. viii. 10, ad Fans. vi. 18; Suet.
plhrecta) raised by a screw, which interpretation Claud. 29.) Respecting its meaning in connlecdoes not appear so probable as the one given tion with a person's testament, see TESTAMENabove. [A. R.] TUM. [L. S.]
CO'CHLEAR (IoCXO dpLov) was a kind of spoon, CODEX GREGORIA'NUS and HERMOwhich appears to have terminated with a point at GENIA'NUS. It does not appear quite certain
one end, and at the other was broad and hollow if this title denotes one collection or two colleclike our own spoons. The pointed end was used tions. The general opinion, however, is, that there
for drawing snails (cochleae) out of their shells, and were two codices compiled respectively by Gregoeating them, whence it derived its name; and the rianus and Hermogenianus, who are sometimes,
broader part for eating eggs, &c. Martial (xiv. though incorrectly, called Gregorias and Hermo121) mentions both these uses of the cochlear, - genes. The codex of Gregorianus was divided
%" Sum cochleis habilis nec sum minus utilis ovis." into books (the number of which is not known), and
(Compare Plin. H. N. xxviii. 4; Petron. 33.) the books were divided into titles. The fragments
Cochlear was also the name given to a small of this codex begin with constitutions of Septinmius
measure like our spoonful. According to Rhemnius Severus, A. D. 196, and end with those of Diocletian
Fannius, it was - of the cyathus. anld Maximian, A. D. 285-305. The codex of
COCHLIS, which is properly a diminutive of Hermogenianus, so far as we know it, is only
cochlea, is used as an adjective with columna, to quoted by titles, and it only contains constitutions
describe such columns as the Trajan and An- of Diocletian and Maximian, with the exception of
tonine; but whetler the term was used with re- one by Antoninus Caracalla; it may perhaps have
ference to the spiral staircase within the column, consisted of one book only, and it may'have been
or to the spiral bas-relief on the outside, or to a kind of supplement to the other. The name Herboth, cannot be said with certainty. (P. Vict. de mogenianus is always placed after that of GregoriRegion. Urb. Rooz. 8, 9.) anus when this code is quoted. According to the
Pliny applies the word also to a species of Consultationes, the codex of Hermogenianus also
gem found in Arabia. (HI. N. xxxvii. 12. contained constitutions of Valens and Valentinian
s. 74.) [P. S.] II., which, if true, would bring down the compiler
CODEX, dim. CODICILLUS, is identical with to a time some years later than the reign of Concaudex, as Claoudius and Clodibts, clautstrumst and stantine the Great, under whom it is generally asclostruan, cauda and coda. Cato (cup. Front. Epist. sumed that he lived. These codices were not
cad 11. 1Anton. i. 2) still used the form caudex in made by imperial authority; they were the work
the same sense in which afterwards codex was used of private individuals, but apparently soon came to
exclusively. (Compare Ovid. llfetam. xii. 432.) be considered as authority in courts of justice, as is
The word originally signified the trunk or stem of shown indirectly by the fact of the Theodosian and
a tree (Virg. Georg. ii. 30; Columella, xii. 19; Justinian codes being formed on the model of the
Plin. H. NV. xvi. 30), and was also applied to Codex Gregorianus and Hermogenianus. (Zimdesignate anything composed of large pieces of meln, Gesclichte des R;lmischen Privatrechts, Heidel.
wood, whence the small fishing or ferry boats on 1826; Hugo, Lehrbuch der Geschiclte des RBM.
the Tiber, which may originally have been like Rechls, Berlin, 1832; Frag. Cod. Greg. et Hernz.
the Indian canoes, or were constructed of several in Schulting's Jurisprudlentia Vet. &c., and in the
roughly hewn planks nailed together in a rude and Jots Civile Azntejustin. Berol. 1815; BMcking, Insimple manner, were called snaves caudicaricae, or stilutionen.) [G. L.]
codicariae, or caudiceae. (Fest. and Varro, ca. CODEX JUSTINIANE'US. In February of
Noniunz, xiii. 12; Gellius, x. 25.) The surname the year A. D. 528, Justinian appointed a conmmisof Caudex given to Appius Claudius must be sion, consisting of ten persons, to make a new coltraced to this signification. But the name codex lection of imperial constitutions. Among these ten
was especially applied to wooden tablets bound were Tribonianus, who was afterwards employed
together and lined with a coat of wax, for the on the Digesta and the Institutiones, and Theopurpose of writing upon them, and when, at a later philus, a teacher of law at Constantinople. The
age, parchment or paper, or other materials were commission was directed to compile one code from
substituted for wood, and put together in the those of Gregorianus, Hermogenlanus, and Theoshape of a book, the namne of codex was still ap- dosius, and also from the constitutions of Theoplied to them. (Cic. Vefr. ii. 1, 36; Dig. 32. tit. 1. dosius made subsequently to his code, from those.522; Sueton. Auzg. 101.) In the time of Cicero of his successors, and friom the constituticns.of