Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

300 KLOPES DIKE. COCHLEA.
year 1742. (Venuti, Anticsaita di Romea, vol. i. COA VESTIS, the Coan cloth, is mentioned'
p. 98; Ficoroni, Vestigie di Roma, pp. 74, 75.) by various Latin authors, but most frequently and
This was the cry)pts Suburae to which Juvenal distinctly by the poets of the Augustan age.
refers (Sat. v. 106. Comp. Diet. of Gr. andRom. (Tibull. ii. 4, ii. 6; Propert. i. 2, ii. 1, iv. 2, iv. 5;
Geog. art. Ropma.) Hor. Carm. iv. 13. 13, Sat. i. 2. 101; Ovid, Ars
The expense of cleansing and repairing these Am. ii. 298.) From their expressions we learn
cloacae was, of course, very great, and was de- that it had a great degree of transparency, that it
frayed partly by the treasury, and partly. by an was remarkably fine, that it was chiefly worn by
assessment called cloacarium. (Ulpian, Dig. 7. women of loose reputation, and that it was sometit. 1. s. 27. ~ 3.) Under the republic, the ad- times dyed purple and enriched with stripes of
ministration of the sewers was entrusted to the gold. It has been supposed to have been made of
censors; but under the empire, particular officers silk, because in Cos silk was spun and woven at a
were appointed for that purpose, cloacarzc, cozrs- very early period, so as to obtain a high celebrity
tores, mention of whom is found in inscriptions for the manufactures of that island. (Aristot. iist.
(ap. Grut. p. cxcvii. 5, p. cxcviii. 2, 3, 4, 5; Aniz. v. 19.) In the woodcut under CoaMA, a
p. cclii. 1; Ulpian, Dig. 43. tit. 23. s. 2). The female is represented wearing a robe of this
emperors employed condemned criminals in the kind. [J. Y.]
task. (Plin. Epist. x. 41.) COACTOR. This name was applied to colRome was not the only city celebrated for lectors of various sorts, e. Y. to the servants of the
works of this kind. Diodorus (xi. 25) makes publicani, or farmers of the public taxes, who colspecial mention of the sewers (7r&voleot) of Agri- lected the revenues for them (Cic. Pro Rab. Post,
gentum, which were constructed about B. C. 480, 11); also to those who collected the money from
by an architect named Phaeax, after whom they the purchasers of things sold at a public auction.
were called cPalaicEs. [A. R.] The father of Horace was a collector of the taxes
KLOPES DIKE' (XAoerris KcIM), the action for farmed by the publicani. (Ilor. Sat. i. 6. 86;
theft was brought in the usual mamnner beiore a Suet. Vit. Hor. init.) Moreover, the servants
diaetetes or a court, the latter of which Meier of the money-changers were so called, from col(Att. Process, p. 67) infers to have been under lecting their debts for them. (Cic. Pro Chltent.
the presidency of the thesmothetae, whether the 64.) [R. W.]
prosecutor preferred his accusation by way of CO'CHLEA (tcoXMas), which properly means
ypayp* or 8icqr. We learn from the law quoted a snail, was also used to signify other things of a
by Demosthenes (c. Timocr. p. 733), that the cri- spiral form.
minal upon conviction was obliged to pay twice 1. A screw. The woodcut annexed represents
the value of the theft to the plaintiff if the latter a clothes-press, from a painting on the wall of the
recovered the specific thing stolen; that failing of Chalcidicum of Eumachia, at Pompeii, which is
this, he was bound to reimburse him tenfold, that worked by two upright screws (cocHleae) precisely
the court might inflict an additional penalty, in the same manner as our own linen presses.
and that the criminal might be confined in the (llus. Borbonico, iv. 50.)
stocks (ro3otKatcrq) five days and as many nights.
In some cases, a person that had been robbed was r
permitted by the Attic law to enter the house in -Jr - _ _ -1
which he suspected his property was concealed, 11 1
and institute a search for it (pcopaiv, Aristoph.
Nubes, 497; Plat. De Leg. xii. p. 954); but we
are not informed what powers he was supplied
with to enforce this right. Besides the above
mentioned action, a prosecutor might proceed by
way of?ypaeq, and when the delinquent was de- I
tected in the act, by a&ra'yoy? or eC'(?ipoisr. To
these, however, a penalty of 1000 drachmae was
attached in case the prosecutor failed in establishing his case; so that a diffident plaintiff would a
often consider them as less eligible means of obtaining redress. (Demosth. c. Androt. p. 601.) In 77l
the aggravated cases of stealing in the day time
property of greater amount than 50 drachmae, or
by night any thing whatsoever (and upon this occasion the owner was permitted to wonnd and
even kill the depredator in his flight), the most
trifling article from a gymnasium, or any thing
worth 10 drachmae from the ports or public baths, A screw of the same description was also used
the law expressly directed an a7raywch7 to the in oil and wine presses. (Vitruv.,vi. 9. p. 180, ed.
Eleven, and, upon conviction, the death of the Bipont.; Palladius, iv. 10. ~ 10, ii. 19; ~ 1.) The
offender. (Demosth. c. Timocr. p. 736. 1.) If the thread of the screw, for which the Latin language
ypaqph were adopted, it is probable that the punish- has no appropriate term, is called 7repucdxAtoY in
ment was fixed by the court; but both in this Greek.
case, and in that of conviction in a aiLcX, besides 2. A spiral pump for raising water, invented by
restitution of the stolen property, the disfran- Archimedes (Diod. Sic. i. 34, v. 37; compare
chisement (&Tvs/a) of the criminal would be a Strab. xvii. 30), from whom it has ever since been
necessary incident of conviction. (Meier, Att. called the Archimedean screw. It is described at
Process, p. 358.) [J. S. M.] length by Vitruvius (x. 11).