Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

280 CHORUS. CIlRONOLOGIA.
Tpayyo8a; Villoison's Anecdota, ii. p. 178), in rank lhe had to apply for a chorus (Xopbv aT5eYv) to the
((,vya) and file (-rrXot, a'rotXos). It entered archons, to the k il archon if the.play was to be
th~i theatre by the passage to the right of the brought forward at the Lenaea, to the archon
spectators [THE.ATaUiM]. When it entered three eponymus if at the great Dionysia. If the play
iabreast it was said to come in KaTae' vUya, when were thought to deserve it, he received a chorus
five abreast, scara eTo'Xovs (Pollux, iv. 108).:Its (xoqpbv Xaea.veYb), the exCpenses of whllich were
entrance was termed 7rdposos; its leaving the stage borne by a choregus [CHOREGUS]. The poet
in the course of the play t.ET rd''aLs; its re- then either trained (31aodesYw) the chorus hiimself,
entrance &irdrposos; its exit aPoBdos. (In the which Aeschylus often did (Athen. i. p. 21), or
Eumenides the chorus entered in an irregular entrusted that bhsainess to a professed chorus trainer
manner ur7op~p7v.) As it entered in three lines, (XoporSl'EscaXos), who.usually had an assistsnt
with the spectators on its left, the staoe on its ((v7'oelrraucanXos, Pollux, iv. 106). For training
right, the middle choreutes of the left row ('rpiTos the chorus in its evolutions there was also an
aprrTEpov) was the Coryphaeus or Hegemon, who 3pX,7ir'roisdo-caXos. The chorus in comedies at
in early times at least was not unfrequentl.the first:consisted of amateurs (ioeeovsat, Arist.
choragus himself. (Athen. xiv. p. 633; Snid. Poit. 5). [C. P. AM.]
s. v. Xopayos.) When they had taken their sta- CHOUS (XoECS, Xo30), a Greek liquid measure
tions in this order, the row nearest to the specta- which is stated by all the authorities to be equal
tors bore the name &aplo'Epo0rTaT'ra, that towre'ds to the Roman congius, and to contain six 4E'rLa
the stage 3esosITa'Tas, and thie iddle row Xavpoo- or.sextarii, nearly 6.pints English. Suidas alole
TraTa. The choreutac at the ends, farthest from makes a distinction between the Xovs and the
the Coryphaeus, w;ere crsled tcpaosrererai. These Xoens, making the former equal to two sextarii,
places were also called vrosoiXxrsov'TO XOPOV. and the latter equal to six. Now when we re(Pollux, ii. 161, iv. 107; Photius, p. 210, ed. member that the XoVs was commonly used as a
Bekker; Plut. VSy7p. v. 5. p. 678, d.; Hes-chl. cinking vessel at Athenian enterttinments (Aris. vv.) Mililler crannges thens so that thle Cory- stoph. AemarCns. v. 1086) that on the day of the
plbaeus stands upon the Thymele, or at least upon d oes [DIIONrSIA], a prize was given to the person
the steps of it (Eumen. Dissert.), and so conversed who first drank off his Xois, and that Milo of
with the actors over the heads of the chorus. I-l- Croton is said to have drunk three Xods of wine
marn (Rev. of Afuller's Euaten. Opusc. vol. vi. at a draught, it is incredible that in these cases
p. 143, &c.) denies this, and infers from the ac- the large 3ous Ilmentioned abo.ve.could be meant.
counts of Vitruvius and'other ancient authorities It seems, therefore, probable that there was also a
that the.chorus took its station and performed its smaller measure of the same name, containing, as
evolutions upon a olatform one aor two feet lo-%er Suidas states, two sextarii, or nearly 2 pints Enogthan the stage, and reaching fioom the stagoe to the Iish. At first it was most likely the commison
Thymele which stood in the niiddle of the elntire srune for a drinking vessel. According to Crates
space called tcoviwTpa. On the steps of the Tby- (Ap). tloens. xi. p. 496), the xois had originally a
mele, and therefore below thle PpX-irr~Tpa, proDperly similar forin to the Panathenaic amphorae, and was
so called, were stationed the asusicias ao1C[ cer- also called sreAsiKl. (Pollux. x. 73; Wurisi, De
train police-officers to lkeep order. Of course the Poeld. 2 o1ens. &c, pp. 127, 136, 141., 19.8; Husse%,
positions first taken up by the cllhoreute were only Alncient iVeiqlets, &c. p. 211-213.) [P. S.]
retained till they comsulelced their evolutions.'To CHREOUS DIKE (.Xp'ovs icrl), a sisisple
guide them in these, lines were mnarked upon the action for debt, was, like most of the other cases
boards with which the orchestra wvas floored. The arising upon an alleged breach of contract, referred
flute as well as the cithara w:as used as an acco11- to the jurisdiction of the thesmothetae, when the
paniment to the choric songs. The dance of the st in qulestion amounted to mlore than ten
tragic chorus was called EuueAsELa, answvering to drachinae. If otherwise, it fell under the cogllithe: gymnopaedic dance of the Doriasn choruses zance of those itinerant magistrates, who were
(Athen. I. c.). originally thirty in number, and styled accordingly
The ordinary number of the chorus inl a conledy of TrprtJcovTa: but afterwards, in consequen.ce of
was 24 (Schol. ad. Arist. Av. 298, Ac. 210 the odi attching to this ae, which had also
Eqmuit. 586; Pollux, iv. 109; Tzetzes, prileg. acd served to designate the oligarchic tyraLnts, received
Lycoplhr. p. 1). Like the tragic chorus it wvas an accession of ten colleagues and a correspocndinrf
arranged in a quadrangular form, and entered the lchange of title. (Pollux, viii. 1.00.) If the cause
orchestra from opposite sides, according as it was could be classed among the./-e?siot o&tcai, its, for
supposed to come from the city or from the instance, when the debt arose upon a mercantile
country. It consisted sometimles half of male and transaction, the thesmothetae would still hasve
half of female choreutae. It seemns to be a mis- jurisdiction in it, though one of the parties to tihe
iake of the scholiast on Aristophanes (Epzit. 1. suit were an alien, otherwise it seems that wlheIl
586) that in such cases the former were 13, the such a person was the defendant, it wvas broueght
latter 11 in number. At least in the Bi'rds of into the court of the polemarch. (Meier, Ait.
Aristophanes the chorus consists of 12 male and Proc. p. 55.) If the cause were treated as a
12 female birds. (297-304.) The dance of the 8ic,-1'E/.trop,', a.s above mentioned, the plaintiff
comic chorus was the cdpSae, which ansowered would forfeit a sixth part of the sum contestcd,
to the HIyporchematic style of the Doric chorus. upon failing to obtain the votes ef one-fifth of the
In the Satyric drama the chorus consisted of Sa- dicasts (Sauid. s. v.'E7rweAXia);.but we are not
tyrs. Of how many it consisted cannot be deter- informed whether this regulation vwas applicable,,mined with any certainty. Its dance was called under similar circumstances, in all prosecutions for'lcrs, ps., It answered to the Pyrrhic. (Athen. i. debt. The speech of Demosthenes against Tinmop. 20, xiv. p. 63.0.) theus was mnade in a cause of this kind. [J. S. A.]
When a poeet intended to bring forward a play, CHRONOLO'GIA (Xpovaoxyte), is the science